Journal Articles

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    The Potential Impact of Long-Term Copper Fungicide Sprays on Soil Health in Avocado Orchards
    (MDPI AG, 2024-05-25) Matse D; Geretharan T; van Gorp E; Anderson S; Jeyakumar P; Anderson C
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    Simulating gibberellic acid effect on pasture yield on naturally deposited and fixed area urine
    (MDPI, 2/07/2023) Matse D; Avendano F; Bishop P; Jeyakumar P; Bates G
    Nitrate (NO3−-N) leaching from urine patches is a serious environmental concern in dairy pastoral systems. In our previous research, we established that application of a plant growth hormone, gibberellic acid (GA), can potentially reduce NO3−-N leaching in urine patches; however, this was investigated in two locations in New Zealand. The performance of GA in influencing pasture nitrogen (N) uptake and NO3−-N leaching needs to be undertaken in multi-locations to draw conclusions. However, multi-location studies are a challenge due to a lack of funding and time constraints, so models such as the agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM) have been used. Therefore, field studies were conducted to determine whether APSIM can be used to quantify and simulate the effect of GA on NO3−-N leaching and pasture yield in three experimental sites known as Ashburton, Stratford, and Rotorua in New Zealand. Treatments examined were control (no urine applied), urine at 600 kg N ha−1, urine + GA at 8 g ha−1. The observed data was used to calibrate and validate the model. APSIM simulated that application of GA reduced NO3−-N leaching (relative to urine treatment) by 4.6, 5.1, and 8.8 kg NO3−-N ha−1 in Ashburton, Stratford, and Rotorua, respectively. APSIM reliably simulated pasture dry matter yield, and this was confirmed by the coefficient of determination ranging from R2 = 0.8562 to 0.995 in all treatments and experimental sites. This study demonstrated that APSIM can effectively be used to simulate the effect of GA application on NO3−-N leaching and pasture yield. Therefore, APSIM can be applied in other areas to simulate NO3−-N leaching and pasture yield.
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    Nitrification rate in dairy cattle urine patches can be inhibited by changing soil bioavailable Cu concentration
    (Elsevier, 17/01/2023) Matse D; Jeyakumar P; Bishop P; Anderson C
    Ammonia oxidation to hydroxylamine is catalyzed by the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme and copper (Cu) is a key element for this process. We investigated the effect of soil bioavailable Cu changes induced through the application of Cu-complexing compounds on nitrification rate, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) amoA gene abundance, and mineral nitrogen (N) leaching in urine patches using the Manawatu Recent soil. Further, evaluated the combination of organic compound calcium lignosulphonate (LS) with a growth stimulant Gibberellic acid (GA). Treatments were applied in May 2021 as late-autumn treatments: control (no urine), urine-only at 600 kg N ha-1, urine + dicyandiamide (DCD), urine + co-poly-acrylic-maleic acid (PA-MA), urine + LS, urine + split-application of LS (2LS), and urine + combination of GA plus LS (GA + LS). In addition, another four treatments were applied in July 2021 as mid-winter treatments: control, urine-only at 600 kg N ha-1, urine + GA, and urine + GA + LS. Soil bioavailable Cu and mineral N leaching were examined during the experimental period. The AOB/AOA amoA genes were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Changes in soil bioavailable Cu across treatments correlated with nitrification rate and AOB amoA abundance in late-autumn while the AOA amoA abundance did not change. The reduction in soil bioavailable Cu induced by the PA-MA and 2LS was linked to significant (P < 0.05) reduction in mineral N leaching of 16 and 30%, respectively, relative to the urine-only. The LS did not induce a significant effect on either bioavailable Cu or mineral N leaching relative to urine-only. The GA + LS reduced mineral N leaching by 10% relative to LS in late-autumn, however, there was no significant effect in mid-winter. This study demonstrated that reducing soil bioavailable Cu can be a potential strategy to reduce N leaching from urine patches.