Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Author: search.filters.author.Wall CRSubject: search.filters.subject.dietary patterns

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    Dietary patterns and dietary adaptations in women with and without gestational diabetes: Evidence from the growing up in New Zealand study
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2020-01-15) Lawrence RL; Wall CR; Bloomfield FH
    Diet is a cornerstone of the management of gestational diabetes (GDM). We investigated differences in dietary patterns and dietary adaptations among pregnant women with and without GDM participating in the Growing Up in New Zealand study. Presence of GDM was determined using coded clinical data and plasma glucose results meeting the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes diagnostic criteria. Women answered a food frequency questionnaire and questions regarding dietary changes and information received during pregnancy. Women with GDM had lower adherence scores than those without GDM for ‘Junk’ (mean (SD) score −0.28 (0.95) versus 0.02 (1.01) p < 0.0005) and ‘Traditional/White bread’ dietary patterns (−0.18 (0.93) versus 0.01 (1.01) p = 0.002). More women with GDM reported avoiding foods high in fat or sugar (25.3% versus 5.7%, p < 0.05) compared to women without GDM. A greater proportion of women with GDM compared with those without GDM received information from dietitians or nutritionists (27.0% versus 1.7%, p < 0.05) or obstetricians (12.6% versus 7.5%, p < 0.05). More women diagnosed before the antenatal interview received advice from dietitians or nutritionists compared with those diagnosed after (46.9% versus 6.0%, p < 0.05). Women with GDM appear to make positive changes to their diet in response to advice received from health care professionals.
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    Evaluation of Preconception Dietary Patterns in Women Enrolled in a Multisite Study
    (Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition, 2022-07) Lim SX; Cox V; Rodrigues N; Colega MT; Barton SJ; Childs CE; Conlon CA; Wall CR; Cutfield WS; Chan S-Y; Godfrey KM; Chong MF-F; NiPPeR Study Group
    BACKGROUND: Diet indices are widely used in nutritional research across communities but do not "capture" the full extent of diet variability across multiple countries. Empirically derived dietary patterns can provide additional information because they reflect combinations of foods potentially associated with health outcomes. Limited studies have evaluated preconception dietary patterns in heterogeneous populations. OBJECTIVES: In the multisite Nutritional Intervention Preconception and During Pregnancy to Maintain Healthy Glucose Metabolism and Offspring Health (NiPPeR) study, the secondary aims included: 1) derive pooled and site-specific preconception dietary patterns, and 2) evaluate these patterns using anthropometric measures and metabolic biomarkers. METHODS: Women planning pregnancy (n = 1720) in the United Kingdom, Singapore, and New Zealand completed interviewer-administered harmonized FFQs and lifestyle questionnaires at recruitment. Across-cohort ("pooled") and site-specific dietary patterns were derived, and associations between dietary pattern scores and BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma lipids, and glycemia assessed using multivariable linear regression, expressing results as SD change in outcome per SD change in dietary pattern score. RESULTS: The pooled analysis identified 3 dietary patterns: "Vegetables/Fruits/Nuts" ("Healthy"), "Fried potatoes/Processed meat/Sweetened beverages" ("Less Healthy"), and "Fish/Poultry/Noodles/Rice" ("Mixed"). The "Healthy" and "Less Healthy" pooled pattern scores were highly correlated with their corresponding site-specific dietary pattern scores ("Healthy": ρ = 0.87-0.93; "Less Healthy": ρ = 0.65-0.88). Women with higher scores for the "Healthy" pooled pattern had a lower waist-to-hip ratio (standardized β: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01); those with higher scores for the "Less Healthy" pooled pattern had a higher BMI (standardized β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.24), higher LDL cholesterol (standardized β: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.19), and less optimal glucose profiles. However, we noted higher adherence to the "Healthy" pooled pattern with higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The "Healthy" and "Less Healthy" pooled patterns were comparable to the corresponding site-specific patterns. Although the associations between these patterns and objective anthropometric/metabolic measures were largely in the expected directions, future studies are required to confirm these findings. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02509988).