Journal Articles

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End date: 2009Subject: search.filters.subject.New Zealand

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    Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012.
    (19/10/2021) Lawrence K; Gedye K; McFadden A; Pulford D; Heath A; Pomroy W
    This article sets out to document and summarise the New Zealand epidemic and the epidemiological research conducted on the epizootic of bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type infection, which began in New Zealand in August 2012. As New Zealand has no other pathogenic tick-borne cattle haemoparasites, the effects of the T. orientalis Ikeda type infection observed in affected herds and individual animals were not confounded by other concurrent haemoparasite infections, as was possibly the case in other countries. This has resulted in an unbiased perspective of a new disease. In addition, as both New Zealand's beef and dairy cattle systems are seasonally based, this has led to a different epidemiological presentation than that reported by almost all other affected countries. Having verified the establishment of a new disease and identified the associated pathogen, the remaining key requirements of an epidemiological investigation, for a disease affecting production animals, are to describe how the disease spreads, describe the likely impacts of that disease at the individual and herd level and explore methods of disease control or mitigation.
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    The molecular ecology of the extinct New Zealand Huia
    (Public Library of Science, 2009) Lambert D; Shepherd L; Huynen L; Beans Picon G; Walter G; Millar C
    The extinct Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris) of New Zealand represents the most extreme example of beak dimorphism known in birds. We used a combination of nuclear genotyping methods, molecular sexing, and morphometric analyses of museum specimens collected in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to quantify the sexual dimorphism and population structure of this extraordinary species. We report that the classical description of Huia as having distinctive sex-linked morphologies is not universally correct. Four Huia, sexed as females had short beaks and, on this basis, were indistinguishable from males. Hence, we suggest it is likely that Huia males and females were indistinguishable as juveniles and that the well-known beak dimorphism is the result of differential beak growth rates in males and females. Furthermore, we tested the prediction that the social organisation and limited powers of flight of Huia resulted in high levels of population genetic structure. Using a suite of microsatellite DNA loci, we report high levels of genetic diversity in Huia, and we detected no significant population genetic structure. In addition, using mitochondrial hypervariable region sequences, and likely mutation rates and generation times, we estimated that the census population size of Huia was moderately high. We conclude that the social organization and limited powers of flight did not result in a highly structured population.
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    Ian Prior and epidemiology in New Zealand.
    (B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, 2009-09) Pearce N
    Ian Prior was born in Masterton, New Zealand, in 1923, and died in Wellington, New Zealand, in 2009. In 1959 Ian became the Director of the Medical Unit at Wellington Hospital, and in the early 1960s he established the Epidemiology Unit. Without doubt he is the founder of epidemiology in New Zealand, and has also had a major influence in Australia and further afield. I was delighted to be invited to write this piece about Ian for the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, not as an obituary but as an essay on an epidemiologist who inspired many of us in New Zealand, and whose example will continue to inspire many around the world. Ian Prior's work represents not only an important historical legacy but also an important guide to the future of epidemiology. This includes his work on the effects of social and environmental changes and the wider social context on individual "lifestyle", his willingness to work collaboratively with researchers from other disciplines including social scientists, his insistence on seeing quantitative biomedical phenomena (such as blood pressure) in the wider social context, and perhaps most of all his insistence that epidemiologists cannot hide from the wider realities of the world in which they live.
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    Towards promoting youth mental health in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Holistic "houses" of health
    (Clifford Beers Foundation, 2002-05) Anae, Melanie; Moewaka Barnes, Helen; McCreanor, Tim; Watson, Peter
    A study of the literature on mental health promotion suggests that to a far greater extent than ‘physical’ health concerns, mental health seems to be dominated by the illness focus of established clinical perspectives and practices. In Aotearoa/New Zealand this leaves little in the way of conceptual space or fiscal resources for the development of new preventative possibilities of population-oriented measures focussed on enhancing social and physical environments. Outflanking this unfortunate impasse, indigenous Maori and Samoan (Pacific) conceptual frameworks for health offer holistic theoretical foundations upon which we can work for health through positive development. This paper examines these frameworks and the youth development paradigm to draw out parameters of what might count as healthy youth development in this country.
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    Study protocol - metabolic syndrome, vitamin D and bone status in South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind vitamin D intervention
    (BioMed Central Ltd part of Springer Science+Business Media, 2008) von Hurst PR; Stonehouse W; Matthys C; Conlon C; Kruger MC; Coad J
    Background The identification of the vitamin D receptor in the endocrine pancreas suggests a role for vitamin D in insulin secretion. There is also some limited evidence that vitamin D influences insulin resistance, and thus the early stages of the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods Eighty-four women of South Asian origin, living in Auckland, New Zealand, were randomised to receive either a supplement (4000IU 25(OH)D3 per day) or a placebo for 6 months. At baseline, all participants were vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D3 <50 nmol/L), insulin resistant (HOMA-IR > 1.93) and/or hyperinsulinaemic, hyperglycemic or had clinical signs of dislipidaemia. Changes in HOMA-IR, lipids, parathyroid hormone, calcium and bone markers were monitored at 3 months and 6 months. Discussion This randomised, controlled trial will be the first to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. It will subsequently contribute to the growing body of evidence about the role of vitamin D in metabolic syndrome.Registered clinical. Trial registration Registered clinical trial – Registration No. ACTRN12607000642482
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    Two to tango: the partnership between charity and the welfare state in New Zealand 1940-1970
    (University of Auckland, 2008) Tennant, Margaret
    The article examines the interdependence between the state and the voluntary social services during the period of the classic welfare state from the 1940s to the 1970s in New Zealand. It says that historiography is most neglectful of charity and voluntary welfare, the state's hegemony seeming most securely entrenched from the 1940s to the 1970s. It focuses on the general niche claimed by established voluntary organizations as the welfare state expanded and at their mutually dependent relationship with government agencies and administrators.
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    Democracy, the academic field and the (New Zealand) journalistic habitus
    (Studies in language and capitalism, 2008) Phelan, Sean
    The relationship between journalism and the academy is historically fraught. Any mention of the word ‘theory’ is only likely to exacerbate these tensions, since it perhaps signifies, most clearly, the division between both identities. Drawing on the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu, this paper considers, with particular empirical reference to the New Zealand context, the often antagonistic relationship between the ‘journalistic field’ and the ‘academic field’. I examine how academic identities are sometimes represented ‘fantasmatically’ (Glynos and Howarth, 2007) in journalistic discourse and explore the contradictions between journalism’s official commitment to democratic values and the desire of at least some journalists to silence or lampoon academic voices, or insist that theoretical reflection is somehow incompatible with good journalism. The articulation of particular journalistic identities is contextualised with reference to the more ‘objective’ logic of the New Zealand journalistic field and, in particular, the structuring of its concrete relationship with the academic field through journalism education programmes. Although the culturally sedimented practices precluding the possibility of a different inter-field dynamic are considerable, I conclude by ‘visualising’ an alternative relationship, one constituted, on all sides, by what Williams Connolly (2005) characterises as a properly democratic ethos of ‘agonistic respect’ across difference.
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    Long-term erosion-rate calculation from the Waipiata Volcanic Field (New Zealand) based on erosion remnants of scoria cones, tuff rings and maars.
    (Massey University., 2001-01-01) Nemeth, Karoly
    Erosion of scoria cones, tuff rings and maars follows a general evolution. Identification of distribution patterns of preserved pyroclastic lithofacies of scoria cones, tuff rings and maars allows an estimation of "depth" of erosion since volcanism ceased. Study of the accidental lithic clast population in pyroclastic rocks of erosion remnants of basaltic maar/tuff ring volcanoes of the Miocene Waipiata Volcanic Field (WVF), New Zealand is demonstrated to be a good tool re-establish the "missing" stratigraphy and estimate the erosion since volcanism. An example from a subsequently tilted erosion remnant of the Swinburn multivent volcanic complex (WVF) demonstrates the importance of tilting as an effect of erosion rate calculations. The 3 vents of the WVF investigated from New Zealand suggest a range of erosion rates from 3.75 to 46 m/My depending on 1) the position of the remnant in comparison to uplifted fault/fold blocks; and, 2) considering or neglecting the effect of subsequent tilting on erosion rate calculations.
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    How have MOOCs been portrayed in the New Zealand public media?
    (Flexible Learning Association of New Zealand (FLANZ), 13/02/2020) Rowan Y; Hartnett M
    Reports of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) hit the news media from 2012 with messages of disruption to existing higher education systems. However, several years on their role is still evolving. Given the power of media to influence acceptance of new ideas, this research investigates New Zealand news media representations of MOOCs to the public. A document analysis of twenty seven newspaper articles published in New Zealand mainstream media between January, 2012 and December, 2016 revealed similar results to overseas research, in that MOOCs are predominantly reported as a catalyst for necessary change to higher education, with higher education commonly discussed in commodified terms. Previously published research focuses on the association of MOOCs and elite universities, whereas this research reveals that MOOCs are considered experimental within New Zealand’s higher education system. While New Zealand media present a more balanced perspective than previous research, dominant themes of MOOCs as revolutionising are likely to foster the public’s acceptance of radical changes to existing higher education structures.
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    Securing the Maritime Domain: U.S. and New Zealand in a Bordered Pacific
    (Centre for Defence and Security Studies, Massey University, 17/03/2021) Nicklin G; Tan, A; Khoo, N
    Maritime security in the Pacific differs according to whose security is under threat and in what geographical location. Like the fluidity of the ocean, maritime security is dynamic involving multiple interests. But the Pacific is also a very bordered space. Drawing on a December 2019 study tour of US defence facilities in Hawai’i, this article addresses the question “How are United States (US) and New Zealand maritime security interests bordered in the Pacific and what are the implications?” First, the article situates maritime security within state territoriality and defence of borders. It then examines the Pacific Ocean as a bordered space, and sketches US and New Zealand interests within it, including differentiating Indo-Pacific from Pacific. Next, each country’s means of securing their maritime domains in the Pacific is explicated, the arenas of cooperation and gaps in knowledge worth researching further. It concludes by discussing US-NZ maritime cooperation within the framing of a Pacific maritime borderscape. One potential borderscape is the Polynesian Triangle. This article argues that defining a specifically bordered theatre of cooperation such as the Polynesian Triangle, driven by Pacific Island needs, is required to provide balance and visibility to non-military maritime security matters. Such a theatre of cooperation warrants further research.