Journal Articles

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    Factors influencing the Dairy Trade from New Zealand
    (International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, 24/08/2016) Shadbolt NM; Apparao D
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    Moringa oleifera L.: A Potential Plant for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Temperate Agriculture Systems
    (Versita, 28/07/2022) Sofkova-Bobcheva S
    The earth’s climate is changing because of the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration, to which livestock is a major contributor. Methane produced from cattle can be reduced by using high quality forages. This study compared the GHG produced from M. oleifera in an artificial ruminant system with two high quality pasture species, ryegrass and white clover. Methane and total gas production were measured using an in vitro batch culture system. A preliminary screening using oven dried M. oleifera planted in field and greenhouse, and a main experiment using six provenances of M. oleifera, a composite sample and M. oleifera leaves from greenhouse was undertaken. Both experiments compared the M. oleifera from different sources with high quality ryegrass and white clover. Real time gas production was recorded for 48 h, total gas production, methane analysed at 12 and 24 h. Short chain fatty acids concentration were also determined at the end of the fermentation. Preliminary results showed that M. oleifera leaves grown in field and greenhouse have lower gas and methane production compared with ryegrass, but similar to white clover. The differences were driven by a high production of propionic and butyric acids. The six M. oleifera provenances also produced less methane than ryegrass but were similar to white clover at 12 and 24 h after the start of fermentation. M. oleifera fermented faster than ryegrass or white clover. Hydrogen production from fermentation of M. oleifera might not have been diverted to methane production but removed by other compounds. In vitro fermentation showed differences in methane production across provenances. This suggests that it may be possible to select for low methane genotypes.
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    Linking smallholder producers to high-value markets through producer cooperatives: A case study of vegetable producer cooperatives in Cambodia
    (International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, 10/02/2021) Tray B; Garnevska E; Shadbolt N
    Modern retail markets have grown in Cambodia, but vegetable growers are unlikely to gain benefits from these high value markets (HVMs). Producer cooperatives (PCs) could play a critical role in linking smallholder farmers to HVMs. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to examine the role of PCs in linking vegetable producers to HVMs; and (2) analyse the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs. This study applied a mixed methods approach to PCs selling the members’ vegetables to HVMs (PC-HVMs), and PCs selling members’ vegetables to traditional markets (TMs) only (PC-TMs). Both groups of PCs provided services to their members (e.g. input, financial, extension services). However, the content and quality of these services were different. PC-TMs emphasised only on support linked to production, while PC-HVMs focused on both production and marketing support. This study indicated that vegetable farming experience, total vegetable produce, and average vegetable prices had a statistically significant influence on producers’ participation in HVMs. However, vegetable farm size showed a negatively significant effect on participation in HVMs. As one of the very few empirical studies on PCs in Cambodia the research provides valuable context for further studies. It has developed and tested a framework for analysing the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs and provides an explanation of why some PCs can successfully participate in HVMs.