Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Characterisation of the Plasma and Faecal Metabolomes in Participants with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-12-16) Fraser K; James SC; Young W; Gearry RB; Heenan PE; Keenan JI; Talley NJ; McNabb WC; Roy NC; Fukui HThere is evidence of perturbed microbial and host processes in the gastrointestinal tract of individuals with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) compared to healthy controls. The faecal metabolome provides insight into the metabolic processes localised to the intestinal tract, while the plasma metabolome highlights the overall perturbances of host and/or microbial responses. This study profiled the faecal (n = 221) and plasma (n = 206) metabolomes of individuals with functional constipation (FC), constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), functional diarrhoea (FD), diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and healthy controls (identified using the Rome Criteria IV) using multimodal LC-MS technologies. Discriminant analysis separated patients with the 'all constipation' group (FC and IBS-C) from the healthy control group and 'all diarrhoea' group (FD and IBS-D) from the healthy control group in both sample types. In plasma, almost all multimodal metabolite analyses separated the 'all constipation' or 'all diarrhoea' group from the healthy controls, and the IBS-C or IBS-D group from the healthy control group. Plasma phospholipids and metabolites linked to several amino acid and nucleoside pathways differed (p < 0.05) between healthy controls and IBS-C. In contrast, metabolites involved in bile acid and amino acid metabolism were the key differentiating classes in the plasma of subjects with IBS-D from healthy controls. Faecal lipids, particularly ceramides, diglycerides, and triglycerides, varied (p < 0.05) between healthy controls and the 'all constipation' group and between healthy controls and 'all diarrhoea' group. The faecal and plasma metabolomes showed perturbations between constipation, diarrhoea and healthy control groups that may reflect processes and mechanisms linked to FGIDs.Item How distinctive are ‘Gewürztraminer’ vineyard terroirs in South Tyrol for wine production? A metabolomics-based approach(Elsevier B.V., 2024-07-17) Duley G; Ferretti CG; Morozova K; Longo E; Imperiale S; Ding Y; Poggesi S; Scampicchio M; Boselli EVitis vinifera L. ‘Gewürztraminer’ produces distinctive, aromatic wines that are strongly influenced by their terroir. This metabolomic study used a data-driven approach, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multifactorial Analysis (MFA), to correlate a quali-quantitative multivariate concept of terroir (including soil characteristics, and altitude) with sensory, phenolic, antioxidant, and volatile profiles of wines. The study analyzed wines from seven ‘Gewürztraminer’ vineyards, chosen to minimize the variability due to climate differences. Based on the soil data, the vineyards were clustered into two distinct groups: clay silicate (Group A) and dolomitic (Group B) soils. Group A exhibited lower levels of aromatic compounds such as linalool and higher levels of phenolic compounds such as gallocatechin than Group B. These findings indicate that even small changes in terroir within the same region can significantly impact the chemical, functional (antioxidant), and sensory properties of ‘Gewürztraminer’ wines, highlighting the importance of terroir in wine production. Statistical analyses confirmed the significance of these correlations (p < 0.05), highlighting the need for further research into the intricate relationship between terroir and wine quality.Item Rapid identification of main antibacterial components from New Zealand ‘Hass’ avocado peel hexane extract(Elsevier B.V., 2023-05-30) Shi D; Xu W; Wong M; Popovich DG‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill) is a very popular tropical fruit that contains several nutrients, including vitamins, proteins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. ‘Hass’ avocado peel is one of the by-products obtained from the New Zealand (NZ) avocado processing industry. The current study focused on the antibacterial components from hexane ‘Hass’ avocado peel extract. The aim was to perform microbiological screening of NZ hexane ‘Hass’ avocado peel extract using Staphylococcus aureus. We used thin- layer chromatography (TLC) with direct microbiological detection to isolate the individual components that showed antibacterial activity. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis characterized the isolated components from hexane peel extract. (15Z)-9,12,13-Trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid, (±)9-HpODE, and NP-011548 are the three fatty acids that have been tentatively identified. Present findings provide new bioactive components from avocado peel and suggest potential applications for this extract as a natural antibacterial additive in soaps, and detergents.Item Emetic toxin production of Bacillus cereus in a biofilm(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-01-15) Huang Y; Flint SH; Loo TS; Palmer JSBacillus cereus sensu stricto (B. cereus) belongs to the B. cereus group, and is a well-known foodborne pathogen causing human disease including emesis which is caused by an emetic toxin, cereulide, with 105-108 cells per gram required to cause disease. The presence of this highly heat, pH and protease-resistant toxin presents a serious challenge to the food industry, as the bacteria itself may be eliminated during processing but the cereulide toxin will survive most food processing techniques. This study shows that cereulide toxin is associated with cells and biofilm structures rather than suspended in the surrounding liquid phase or environment. This is the first report investigating the cereulide toxin production in the presence of biofilms of B. cereus, showing that the cereulide toxin produced is associated with biofilm complex and also attaches to the substrate such as glass and stainless-steel on which the biofilm grows. The RT-qPCR showed that the expression of cesA and cesB were comparable between planktonic cells and biofilms. This study contributes a better understanding of food safety issues in the industry caused by cereulide toxin produced by B. cereus, and provides valuable information for developing control methods for cereulide toxin in the food industry.