Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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    Using data-driven weightings to construct the provincial healthcare system index
    (Innovative Research Publishing, 2025-02-28) Le B-T; Hoang T-H; Ngo T; Pham T-L
    The healthcare system is essential in delivering services that enhance the quality of life and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. Thus, measuring the effectiveness of healthcare systems is important. This study introduces a Provincial Healthcare System Index (PHSI) as a composite index that integrates macro-and micro-level data to assess the readiness and capacity of provincial healthcare systems, with an application to Vietnam, an emerging economy. Importantly, principal component analysis was used to derive data-driven weightings for the PHSI instead of a priori subjectively defined ones. The empirical results show that the average 2021 PHSI in Vietnam is notably low at 0.199, indicating a significant lack of preparation and capacity in converting healthcare resources into outcomes. The marked disparity among neighboring provinces suggests that their healthcare systems are still disconnected. The study highlights the need for Vietnamese policymakers to enhance the resources and outcomes of its provincial healthcare system. Improving provincial connectivity could significantly enhance the overall efficiency of the regional and national healthcare systems in Vietnam. Such implications could be further extended to other emerging economies.
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    A risk-benefit approach to the purchase and consumption of conventional vegetables in wet markets
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-09-01) Ha TM; Hansson H; Abu Hatab A; Darr D; Shakur S
    The purchase and consumption of conventional vegetables from wet markets in Vietnam are like two sides of a coin: perceived food safety risks and perceived benefits. Drawing on a sample of 463 Hanoi consumers, this study employed a risk-benefit approach to analyze the purchase intention and consumption frequency of conventional vegetables at traditional markets. A confirmatory factor analysis examined the links among risk perception, perceived utilitarian benefits, perceived hedonic benefits, and trust. Finally, generalized ordered and Poisson regressions were performed on these psychological constructs and their identified links. We found that perceived hedonic benefits, trust in wet market actors, and the presence of homegrown vegetables determined purchase intention and consumption frequency. The joint influence of perceived hedonic and utilitarian benefits on purchase intention implies that consumers considered both benefit dimensions when thinking of their future purchase of conventional vegetables. The significant interaction between perceived risk and perceived hedonic benefits on consumption frequency supports the risk-benefit approach. The effect of perceived hedonic benefits and income on purchase intention and consumption frequency are evidence of wet markets' social and cultural relevance.
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    A Dataset for the Vietnamese Banking System (2002–2021)
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-09) Le TDQ; Ho TH; Ngo T; Nguyen DT; Tran SH; Guijarro F
    This data article describes a dataset that consists of key statistics on the activities of 45 Vietnamese banks (e.g., deposits, loans, assets, and labor productivity), operated during the 2002–2021 period, yielding a total of 644 bank-year observations. This is the first systematic compilation of data on the splits of state vs. private ownership, foreign vs. domestic banks, commercial vs. policy banks, and listed vs. nonlisted banks. Consequently, this arrives at a unique set of variables and indicators that allow us to capture the development and performance of the Vietnamese banking sector over time along many different dimensions. This can play an important role for financial analysts, researchers, and educators in banking efficiency and performance, risk and profit/revenue management, machine learning, and other fields. Dataset: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/RIWA3B Dataset License: CC0
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    From Efficiency Analyses to Policy Implications: a Multilevel Hierarchical Linear Model Approach
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2021-09-25) Dao TTT; Mai XTT; Ngo T; Le T; Ho H
    This paper examines the key factors that influenced the cost efficiency of 7,633 Vietnamese manufacturing firms during 2010–2016 via a hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) approach. The main reason for using HLM in this case is that observations in the same group may not be independent from each other (e.g. firms operate within the same city), and some variables may not vary across those observations. Although most of the findings are consistent with previous studies, the statistical power of our HLM model is higher than that of the traditional single-level analysis, suggesting that HLM can provide better analytical insights. The results further indicate a case for cities or provinces pursuing different policies aimed at improving the performance of their local firms.
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    ICT as a Key Determinant of Efficiency: A Bootstrap-Censored Quantile Regression (BCQR) Analysis for Vietnamese Banks
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-06-16) Le TDQ; Ngo T; Ho TH; Nguyen DT; Boubaker S
    There is evidence that ICT developments can improve bank efficiency and performance. Previous studies often employ data envelopment analysis (DEA) to first examine bank performance and then use a second-stage regression to explain the influences of other environmental factors, including ICT, on such efficiency. Since DEA efficiency scores are bounded between the (0, 1] intervals, Tobit and truncated regressions are commonly used in this stage. However, none has accounted for the skewness characteristic of DEA efficiency. This paper applied a bootstrap-censored quantile regression (BCQR) approach to triply account for the issues of a small sample (via bootstrap), bounded intervals (via censored regression), and skewness (via quantile regression) in DEA analysis. We empirically examined the efficiency and performance of 27 Vietnamese commercial banks in the 2007–2019 period. The efficiency scores derived from our first stage revealed that they are skewed and thus, justify the use of the BCQR in the second stage. The BCQR results further confirmed that ICT developments could enhance bank efficiency, which supports the recent policy to restructure the Vietnamese banking sector toward innovation and digitalization. We also examined the impacts of other factors such as bank ownership, credit risk, and bank size on efficiency.
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    Development of Alcohol Control Policy in Vietnam: Transnational Corporate Interests at the Policy Table, Global Public Health Largely Absent
    (Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2022-12) Casswell S
    Background This paper analyses input from global interests in the policy process leading up to the passing of alcohol control legislation in Vietnam in 2019. The global alcohol industry now relies on growth in volume in emerging markets in middle-income countries such as Vietnam, a large, rapidly industrialising country with a youthful population and emerging middle class. The industry’s role in the alcohol policy process is compared with that of global health interests. Methods Document analysis of letters and English language media coverage was supplemented by and triangulated with data from key informants on changes in the content of draft alcohol legislation and participant observation. Results The alcohol legislation was negotiated in the context of active engagement from the global alcohol industry and some input from global public health interests. The global alcohol industry established a partnership relationship with politicians using CSR and funded a local employee in Hanoi over the decade prior to the draft legislation being considered. Direct lobbying took place over the content of the legislation, which went through six published drafts. Trade and investment agreements provided a supportive environment and were referred to by both politicians and industry. In contrast public health resource was limited and lacked the support of a normative global policy to counter the economic imperatives. Vietnamese Ministry of Health proposals for cost effective alcohol policy were not enacted. Conclusion Global commercial interests employed their considerable resources to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and build partnerships with policy-makers over a long period, contributing significantly to an environment unsupportive of enacting effective alcohol control policy. The absence of structural support from a global health treaty on alcohol and lack of an equivalent level of long-term sustained input from global health actors contributed to the legislative outcome, which excluded proposed cost-effective policies to reduce alcohol harm.
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    Intergenerational effects of violence on women's perinatal wellbeing and infant health outcomes: evidence from a birth cohort study in Central Vietnam
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12) Do HP; Baker PRA; Van Vo T; Murray A; Murray L; Valdebenito S; Eisner M; Tran BX; Dunne MP
    BACKGROUND: Girls exposed to violence have a high risk of being victimized as adults and are more likely than non-abused women to have children who are treated violently. This intergenerational transmission may be especially serious when women suffer violence during pregnancy and early motherhood, as it impairs maternal wellbeing and infant health and development. This study examined the intergenerational effects of being exposed to childhood maltreatment (CM) and prenatal intimate partner violence (p-IPV) on perinatal mental distress and birth outcomes in central Vietnam. METHODS: A birth cohort study in Hue City, Vietnam was conducted with 150 women in the third trimester of pregnancy (Wave 1) and 3 months after childbirth (Wave 2). Using multivariable logistic regression models, augmented inverse-probability-weighted estimators and structural equation modelling (SEM), we analyzed a theoretical model by evaluating adjusted risk differences and pathways between CM, p-IPV and subsequent perinatal adversity and indicators of infant health problems. RESULTS: One in two pregnant women experienced at least one form of CM (55.03%) and one in ten pregnant women experienced both CM and p-IPV (10.67%). Mothers who experienced p-IPV or witnessed IPV as a child were approximately twice as likely to experience poor mental health during pregnancy [ARR 1.94, 95% CI (1.20-3.15)]. Infants had a two-fold higher risk of adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, admission to neonatal intensive care) [ARR 2.45 95% CI (1.42, 4.25)] if their mothers experienced any form of p-IPV, with greater risk if their mothers were exposed to both CM and p-IPV [ARR 3.45 95% CI (1.40, 8.53)]. Notably, significant pathways to p-IPV were found via adverse childhood experience (ACE) events (β = 0.13), neighborhood disorder (β = 0.14) and partner support (β = - 1.3). CONCLUSION: These results emphasize the detrimental and prolonged nature of the effect of violence during childhood and pregnancy. Exposure to childhood maltreatment and violence during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal mental health difficulties and adverse birth outcomes. Antenatal care systems need to be responsive to women's previous experiences of violence and maternal mental health. The significant protective role of partner support and social support should also be considered when designing tailored interventions to address violence during pregnancy.