Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Subject: search.filters.subject.0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Enhancing the value of weather and climate services in society - identified gaps and needs as outcomes of the 1st WMO WWRP/SERA “Weather and Society” Conference
    (American Meteorological Society, 2023-02-14) Göber M; Isadora C; Hoffmann D; Mooney CJ; Rodriguez L; Becker N; Ebert EE; Fearnley C; Fundel VJ; Golding B; Jeurig J; Kelman I; Kox T; Magro F-A; Perrels A; Postigo JC; Potter SH; Robbins J; Rust H; Schoster D; Tan M; Taylor A; Williams H
    What: The Societal and Economics Research Application (SERA) Working Group of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) organized the first Weather and Society Conference, inviting the weather community to actively engage on critical themes to understand, analyze, and enhance the value of weather and climate services in society. The online conference ran over 2 weeks. Each session focused on a theme, ran for two hours, and included talks and discussion followed by a one-hour poster session. When: 28 February to 11 March 2022 Where: Online.
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    Predicting the distribution of oxytropis ochrocephala bunge in the source region of the yellow river (China) based on uav sampling data and species distribution model
    (1/12/2021) Zhang X; Yuan Y; Zhu Z; Ma Q; Yu H; Li M; Ma J; Yi S; He XZ; Sun Y
    Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge is an herbaceous perennial poisonous weed. It severely affects the production of local animal husbandry and ecosystem stability in the source region of Yellow River (SRYR), China. To date, however, the spatiotemporal distribution of O. ochrocephala is still unclear, mainly due to lack of high-precision observation data and effective methods at a regional scale. In this study, an efficient sampling method, based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), was proposed to supply basic sampling data for species distribution models (SDMs, BIOMOD in this study). A total of 3232 aerial photographs were obtained, from 2018 to 2020, in SRYR, and the potential and future distribution of O. ochrocephala were predicted by an ensemble model, consisting of six basic models of BIOMOD. The results showed that: (1) O. ochrocephala mainly distributed in the southwest, middle, and northeast of the SRYR, and the high suitable habitat of O. ochrocephala accounted for 3.19%; (2) annual precipitation and annual mean temperature were the two most important factors that affect the distribution of O. ochrocephala, with a cumulative importance of 60.45%; and (3) the distribution probability of O. ochrocephala tends to increase from now to the 2070s, while spatial distribution ranges will remain in the southwest, middle, and northeast of the SRYR. This study shows that UAVs can potentially be used to obtain the basic data for species distribution modeling; the results are both beneficial to establishing reasonable management practices and animal husbandry in alpine grassland systems.
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    Seascape Genetics: Populations, Individuals, and Genes Marooned and Adrift
    (1/03/2013) Riginos C; Liggins L
    Seascape genetics is the study of how spatially variable structural and environmental features influence genetic patterns of marine organisms. Seascape genetics is conceptually linked to landscape genetics and this likeness frequently allows investigators to use similar theoretical and analytical methods for both seascape genetics and landscape genetics. But, the physical and environmental attributes of the ocean and biological attributes of organisms that live in the sea, especially the large spatial scales of seascape features and the high dispersal ability of many marine organisms, differ from those of terrestrial organisms that have typified landscape genetic studies. This paper reviews notable papers in the emerging field of seascape genetics, highlighting pervasive themes and biological attributes of species and seascape features that affect spatial genetic patterns in the sea. Similarities to, and differences from, (terrestrial) landscape genetics are discussed, and future directions are recommended. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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    Evaluation of Point Hyperspectral Reflectance and Multivariate Regression Models for Grapevine Water Status Estimation
    (MDPI AG, 12/08/2021) Wei H-E; Grafton M; Bretherton M; Irwin M; Sandoval E
    Monitoring and management of plant water status over the critical period between flower-ing and veraison, plays a significant role in producing grapes of premium quality. Hyperspectral spectroscopy has been widely studied in precision farming, including for the prediction of grapevine water status. However, these studies were presented based on various combinations of transformed spectral data, feature selection methods, and regression models. To evaluate the performance of different modeling pipelines for estimating grapevine water status, a study spanning the critical period was carried out in two commercial vineyards at Martinborough, New Zealand. The modeling used six hyperspectral data groups (raw reflectance, first derivative reflectance, second derivative reflectance, continuum removal variables, simple ratio indices, and vegetation indices), two variable selection methods (Spearman correlation and recursive feature elimination based on cross-validation), an ensemble of selected variables, and three regression models (partial least squares regression, random forest regression, and support vector regression). Stem water potential (used as a proxy for vine water status) was measured by a pressure bomb. Hyperspectral reflectance was undertaken by a handheld spectroradiometer. The results show that the best predictive performance was achieved by applying partial least squares regression to simple ratio indices (R2 = 0.85; RMSE = 110 kPa). Models trained with an ensemble of selected variables comprising multicombination of transformed data and variable selection approaches outperformed those fitted using single combinations. Although larger data sizes are needed for further testing, this study compares 38 modeling pipelines and presents the best combination of procedures for estimating vine water status. This may lead to the provision of rapid estimation of vine water status in a nondestructive manner and highlights the possibility of applying hyperspectral data to precision irrigation in vineyards.
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    The Politics of Childcare Provisioning: A Geographical Perspective
    (1/02/2013) Gallagher A
    Childcare has been an important site of analysis for feminist geographers over the last twenty years. This paper will offer a review of work to date in geography which focuses on childcare. The review is organised under three themes; the changing policy landscape around childcare and its implications for service provision, the spatial politics of access to childcare and the (re)production of childcare as 'women's work'. Given the breadth of work in these areas, and reflecting the contexts in which much of this work has been conducted, the debates highlighted speak to concerns raised in liberal welfare regimes. In the process I argue that there remain pertinent areas where geographers are well placed to contribute and signal some new questions which need to be asked around the politics of childcare provision today. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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    Growing pains? Change in the New Zealand childcare market 2006–2016
    (1/04/2017) Gallagher A
    There has been a significant growth in childcare in New Zealand (NZ) since 2006. Shaped by debates around the marketisation of childcare, this paper will make some key observations about the NZ childcare market. I will argue that the landscape of childcare has changed in favour of a burgeoning private sector and consider the recent impetus for corporatisation. Finally, I will examine the discourse of parental ‘choice’ which pervades policy discussions around ECE in New Zealand and how this plays out in the face of an expanding private for-profit sector.
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    Assessing the Leaf Blade Nutrient Status of Pinot Noir Using Hyperspectral Reflectance and Machine Learning Models
    (MDPI AG, 8/03/2023) Lyu H; Grafton MC; Ramilan T; Irwin M; Sandoval - Cruz E; Díaz-Varela, RA
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    Taking the Plunge: An Introduction to Undertaking Seascape Genetic Studies and using Biophysical Models
    (1/03/2013) Liggins L; Treml EA; Riginos C
    The field of seascape genetics aims to evaluate the effects of environmental features on spatial genetic patterns of marine organisms. Although many methods of genetic analysis and inference appropriate to "marine landscapes" derive from terrestrial landscape genetics, aspects of marine living introduce special challenges for assessing spatial genetic variation. For instance, marine organisms are often highly dispersive, so that genetic patterns can be subtle, and the temporal variability of the marine environment makes these patterns difficult to characterise. Tools and techniques from oceanography can help describe the highly connected and dynamic nature of the marine environment. In particular, models incorporating physical oceanography and species attributes in realistic simulations (e.g. biophysical models) can help us understand this complex process and formulate spatially explicit biologically-informed predictions of gene flow. Thus, researchers embarking on a seascape genetic study need a solid understanding of marine organisms and spatial genetics perhaps combined with knowledge of physical oceanography and ecological modeling. Although some researchers may acquire proficiency in all of these areas, seascape genetic studies incorporating biophysical modeling are likely to bring together groups of investigators with complementary expertise. This preliminary guide is intended to be a starting point for a reader new to either seascape genetics or biophysical models. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.