Journal Articles

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    Homosociality, Sexual Misconduct and Gendered Violence in England’s Premodern Legal Profession
    (Oxford University Press, 30/09/2022) McVitty E
    Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century evidence shows that common lawyers and law students regularly engaged in sexual misconduct and violence against women. Social histories of the early legal profession give little attention to such incidents, treating them as aberrations or as the ‘natural’ excess of privileged youth. By contrast, this article uses gender analysis to argue that sexual misconduct and gendered violence were structural features of all-male legal culture, contributing to homosocial bonding and to lawyers’ performance of masculinity. Records from the Inns of Court, London civic administration and royal government reveal law students asserting manhood through shared involvement in sexual misconduct and violence. However, it is significant for the history of the profession that young men were not the only offenders. While senior practitioners condemned misconduct and violence in rules and disciplinary regulations, in practice they shielded fellow lawyers from consequences and participated themselves. As perpetrators went on to become barristers, serjeants-at-law, judges and public office-holders, a tradition of toleration and intergenerational complicity was sustained across time. These findings generate new insights into how the training and socialization of lawyers contributed to the gendered violence inherent in the patriarchal judicial system of pre-modern England.
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    Public History in Aotearoa New Zealand
    (UTS ePress Journals, 1/12/2022) McKergow F; Watson G; Littlewood D; Neill C; McKergow, F; Watson, G; Littlewood, D; Neill, C
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    Consulting the Past Creating a National History Curriculum in Aotearoa New Zealand
    (UTS ePRESS, 6/12/2022) Neill C; Belgrave M; Vilanova Miranda De Oliveira G
    In many countries, the development of national history curricula has been politically controversial, causing great public interest and concern. Such controversies tend to bring into tension diverse political, social and cultural voices and their interests in a nation’s history, expressing the historical consciousness of a society. At the extreme, ‘history wars’ emerge over what is prioritised for learning, and how it is learnt, especially when historical interpretations clash with political agendas. In this article we explore these ideas through the responses of different sectors to the development of Aotearoa New Zealand's first national history curriculum. By looking at the responses of teachers, academic historians, politicians and the community at large, we attempt to explain why the debate so far has been professional rather than polemical, and why the country’s ‘history wars’ have only involved a few skirmishes at the edges of political debate.
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    Review of Alexander Bickerton, Morganeering, or, The Triumph of the Trust: A Satirical Burlesque on the Worship of Wealth, edited by Lyman Tower Sargent
    (Stout Research Centre for New Zealand Studies, 14/12/2021) Steer P
    I’ll begin with a confession: before taking on this review, I’d never even heard of Alexander Bickerton, let alone his only novel, Morganeering. In my defence, he doesn’t rate a mention in the Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature (he lies in the gap between “bibliography” and “Biggs, Bruce”), or even in Lawrence Jones’ encyclopaedic survey of the novel in the Oxford History of New Zealand Literature in English. As Lyman Tower Sargent explains in his thorough introduction, Bickerton was well known during his lifetime, albeit for other reasons than his fiction. As the inaugural professor of physics at Canterbury College, where he taught from 1874 to 1902, he numbered Ernest Rutherford and Ettie Rout among his pupils.
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    Tropfest, masculinity and the gendered everyday
    (School of Humanities at the University of Western Australia, 2018-05) Clarke KJ
    Following its resurrection in 2016, Tropfest, self-described as “the world’s largest short film festival”, was critiqued for the lack of female directors in the list of finalists, and the lack of women depicted in the films. Over the years, Tropfest has been criticized for the content of finalist films and choice of winners, homophobia, licensing of the films entered, as well as the impact of the competition on Australian short filmmaking in general. Despite this, much of the media surrounding the 2017 festival was positive, noting a significant increase in female finalists to ‘half’. While increasing attention to the gendered structures and practices of the industry (including the Tropfest competition) is important, we also need to pay attention to the gendered content of the competition films, which continue to privilege men and masculinity. In this paper, I compare the 2016 and 2017 winning films, to consider how ‘everyday’ issues of gender and masculinity play out in the representation of the festival and particularly the content of the films. This is considered alongside Trop Jr, the festival for people under 15 years, which has received less critical attention but is significant for thinking about long term change.
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    Navigating the Politics of Remembering
    (UTS ePRESS, 6/12/2022) Meihana P; McKergow', F; Watson, G; Littlewood, D; Neill, C
    Remembering the past is not as straight forward as it might appear. The histories that we choose to retell and privilege speak to contemporary concerns. For Rangitāne, Ngāti Kuia and Ngāti Apa, the indigenous peoples of the northern South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand, history is political. Histories are recounted in the present for a purpose, that is, to maintain the mana (prestige, authority, influence) of the community to whom the histories belong. This article touches on some recent examples of history speaking in the present.
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    Maori Writing: Speaking with Two Mouths
    (Victoria University of Wellington, 2/07/2018) Dahlberg T; Kono, S; McNeill, D; Murray, A
    Drawing on her own experiences as a novelist and anthologist, Tina Makereti explores the situation of the Māori writer as someone “speaking with two mouths,” addressing and drawing from both Māori and Pākehā literary traditions and ways of expressing creativity. Considering some examples from her own fiction and the work of other notable writers such as Patricia Grace, Makereti argues for a richer, more expansive conception of Māori and New Zealand literary history, one drawing on, and acknowledging, Māori ways of imagining literature.
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    ‘Beaumont’s The Knight of the Burning Pestle and the Menace of the Authoring Audience’
    (Humanities Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, 2018) Angus W
    Francis Beaumont’s play, The Knight of the Burning Pestle (1607) stages a disjunction between interpretation and legitimate authority, centred around an audience which is empowered partly by the threat of informing. As a contrast, Ben Jonson’s onstage audiences are often allowed only ridiculous or overblown reactions, a kind of instructional dysfunction, while remaining entirely under the control of the author. In The Knight of the Burning Pestle however, the onstage audience are allowed a much more actively intrusive role, as they attempt to hold sway over the writing and production of the play they inhabit. Beaumont’s onstage citizens therefore stage an authorship which feels itself to be under siege by a far more unruly form of audience empowerment and signify the fear of of venal interpretation and misheld authority. The end result is a theatrical form which accurately reproduces the critical atmosphere of the drama and of the material context of its production. In offering this Beaumont reveals the precarious nature of his own authority in relation to that of a potentially informing audience. His metadrama therefore registers, in both form and content, the solid fear that ‘unseemly speeches . . . mistaking the Author’s intention’ by informers may lead not only to ‘unkind reports’, but also ultimately to the horrors of the early modern gaol.
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    Ako: Learning From History
    (UTS ePRESS, 28/02/2022) McKergow F; Watson G; Littlewood D; Neill C; Ashton, P; Loxton, D
    This special issue of Public History Review has been edited by Fiona McKergow, Geoff Watson, David Littlewood and Carol Neill and serves as a sampler of recent work in the field of public history from Aotearoa New Zealand. The articles are derived from papers presented at 'Ako: Learning from History?', the 2021 New Zealand Historical Association conference hosted by Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Pūrehuroa. The cover image for this special issue shows Taranaki Maunga viewed from a site near the remains of a redoubt built by colonial forces during the New Zealand Wars.