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Subject: search.filters.subject.Bacterial Typing Techniques

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    Aristaeella hokkaidonensis gen. nov. sp. nov. and Aristaeella lactis sp. nov., two rumen bacterial species of a novel proposed family, Aristaeellaceae fam. nov.
    (Microbiology Society, 2023-05-12) Mahoney-Kurpe SC; Palevich N; Noel SJ; Gagic D; Biggs PJ; Soni P; Reid PM; Koike S; Kobayashi Y; Janssen PH; Attwood GT; Moon CD
    Two strains of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, from an abundant but uncharacterized rumen bacterial group of the order 'Christensenellales', were phylogenetically and phenotypically characterized. These strains, designated R-7T and WTE2008T, shared 98.6-99.0 % sequence identity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. R-7T and WTE2008T clustered together on a distinct branch from other Christensenellaceae strains and had <88.1 % sequence identity to the closest type-strain sequence from Luoshenia tenuis NSJ-44T. The genome sequences of R-7T and WTE2008T had 83.6 % average nucleotide identity to each other, and taxonomic assignment using the Genome Taxonomy Database indicates these are separate species within a novel family of the order 'Christensenellales'. Cells of R-7T and WTE2008T lacked any obvious appendages and their cell wall ultra-structures were characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria. The five most abundant cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, C16 : 0 iso, C17 : 0 anteiso, C18 : 0 and C15 : 0 anteiso. The strains used a wide range of the 23 soluble carbon sources tested, and grew best on cellobiose, but not on sugar-alcohols. Xylan and pectin were fermented by both strains, but not cellulose. Acetate, hydrogen, ethanol and lactate were the major fermentation end products. R-7T produced considerably more hydrogen than WTE2008T, which produced more lactate. Based on these analyses, Aristaeellaceae fam. nov. and Aristaeella gen. nov., with type species Aristaeella hokkaidonensis sp. nov., are proposed. Strains R-7T (=DSM 112795T=JCM 34733T) and WTE2008T (=DSM 112788T=JCM 34734T) are the proposed type strains for Aristaeella hokkaidonensis sp. nov. and Aristaeella lactis sp. nov., respectively.
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    Corynebacterium megadyptis sp. nov. with two subspecies, Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. megadyptis subsp. nov. and Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. dunedinense subsp. nov. isolated from yellow-eyed penguins.
    (Microbiology Society, 2023-02-07) Nouioui I; Saunderson SC; Midwinter AC; Young MJ; McInnes KM; Watts J; Sangal V
    Novel Corynebacterium strains, 3BT and 7BT, were isolated from the oral cavities of young chicks of yellow-eyed penguins (hoiho), Megadyptes antipodes. A polyphasic taxonomic characterization of these strains revealed chemotaxonomic, biochemical and morphological features that are consistent with those of the genus Corynebacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between the strains and their closest phylogenetic neighbour, Corynebacterium ciconiae CCUG 47525T were 99.07 %, values that are in line with their phylogenomic positions within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Corynebacterium. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities between the genome sequences of the two strains and related Corynebacterium species were well below the defined threshold values (70 and 95-96 %, respectively) for prokaryotic species delineation. The genome size of these strains varied between 2.45-2.46 Mb with G+C content 62.7-62.9 mol%. Strains 3BT and 7BT were Gram-stain positive bacilli that were able to grow in presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl and at temperature ranging between 20-37 °C. The major fatty acids (>15 %) were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1  ω9c, and the mycolic acid profile included 32-36 carbon atoms. We propose that these strains represent a novel species, Corynebacterium megadyptis sp. nov. with 3BT (=DSM 111184T=NZRM 4755T) as the type strain. Phylogenomically, strains 3BT and 7BT belong to two lineages with subtle differences in MALDI-TOF spectra, chemotaxonomic profiles and phenotypic properties. The fatty acid profile of strain 3BT contains C18 : 0 as a predominant type (>15 %), which is a minor component in strain 7BT. Strain 7BT can oxidize N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, l-serine, α-hydroxy-butyric acid, l-malic acid, l-glutamic acid, bromo-succinic acid and l-lactic acid, characteristics not observed in strain 3BT. Therefore, we propose that these strains represent two subspecies, namely Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. megadyptis subsp. nov. (type strain, 3BT=DSM 111184T=NZRM 4755T) and Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. dunedinense subsp. nov. (type strain, 7BT=DSM 111183T=NZRM 4756T).