Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Portable X-ray fluorescence of zinc and selenium with nail clippings – visit 3 of the Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI)(Elsevier B.V., 2025-10) Fleming DEB; Scott AR; Ouellette JA; Kim JS; Lefsay A; Jin Y; Coad J; Brough LIntroduction: Recent advances in portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have opened up the possibility of a rapid and cost-effective method for measuring elemental content in nail clippings. Two elements of particular interest for intake assessment through nail clipping measurement are zinc and selenium. The New Zealand-based Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) provides an ideal testing ground for the application of portable XRF in the measurement of zinc and selenium. Two aspects requiring further study with portable XRF are the optimal time of measurement and the optimal approach to energy spectrum analysis. Methods: A subset of nail clippings from 20 mother-infant pairings were initially selected for analysis over three separate MINI study visits. This paper considers measurements from visit 3 (12 months postpartum). For portable XRF, a mono-energetic X-ray beam was used to excite characteristic X-rays from zinc and selenium. Individual XRF measurements were made for 60 s (real time). In each case, analysis of the elemental signal was performed in four different ways: (1) automated system output concentration; (2) element signal to total signal ratio; (3) element signal to Compton scatter signal; (4) element signal to coherent scatter signal. XRF results were compared against zinc and selenium concentrations obtained from a “gold standard” method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: ICP-MS results from the visit 3 nail clippings determined a mean zinc concentration of 104 µg/g and a mean selenium concentration of 0.606 µg/g. Analysis of XRF energy spectra from 60 s measurements showed that zinc was clearly detected in all cases. The selenium signal was more challenging, but was also detected from all spectra. For both zinc and selenium, correlations between XRF results and ICP-MS concentrations were highly significant (p < 0.01) in all cases, with the zinc results more strongly correlated than selenium. Of the four approaches to XRF signal analysis, the three approaches involving an external software package provided superior results relative to the automated system output. Correlations of XRF results with ICP-MS concentrations were similar between these three approaches. Conclusion: ICP-MS concentrations for both zinc and selenium were found to be lower from visit 3 relative to results from visit 1 and visit 2. This may indicate overall dietary changes postpartum. Correlations of XRF results with ICP-MS concentrations suggest that a relatively short 60 s measurement time is adequate for a reliable zinc assessment, but not for selenium. Although correlations of XRF results with ICP-MS concentrations were similar between three different methods of spectra analysis, practical considerations may favor use of the element signal to total signal approach.Item Infrared spectroscopy of serum fails to identify early biomarker changes in an equine model of traumatic osteoarthritis(Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), 2022-12) Panizzi L; Vignes M; Dittmer KE; Waterland MR; Rogers CW; Sano H; McIlwraith CW; Pemberton S; Owen M; Riley CBOBJECTIVE: to determine the accuracy of infrared (IR)-based serum biomarker profiling to differentiate horses with early inflammatory changes associated with a traumatically induced model of equine carpal osteoarthritis (OA) from controls. METHOD: unilateral carpal OA was induced in 9 of 17 healthy Thoroughbred fillies, while the remainder served as sham operated controls. Serum samples were obtained before induction of OA (Day 0) and weekly thereafter until Day 63 from both groups. Films of dried serum were created, and IR absorbance spectra acquired. Following pre-processing, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess group and time differences and generate predictive models for wavenumber ranges 1300-1800 cm-1 and 2600-3700 cm-1. RESULTS: the overall correct classification rate when classifying samples by group (OA or Sham) was 52.7% (s.d. = 12.8%), while it was 94.0% (s.d. = 1.4%) by sampling Day. The correct classification results by group-sampling Day combinations with pre-intervention serum (Day 0) was 50.5% (s.d. = 21.7%). CONCLUSION: with the current approach IR spectroscopic analysis could not differentiate serum of horses with induced carpal OA from that of controls. The high classification rate obtained by Day of sampling may reflect the effect of exercise on the biomarker profile. A longer study period (advanced disease) or naturally occurring disease may provide further information on the suitability of this technique in horses.Item Effect of GreenshellTM mussel on osteoarthritis biomarkers and inflammation in healthy postmenopausal women: a study protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12) Abshirini M; Coad J; Wolber FM; von Hurst P; Miller MR; Tian HS; Kruger MCBACKGROUND: New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (GSM; Perna canaliculus) have recently been shown to decrease cartilage degradation in a rat model of induced metabolic osteoarthritis (MetOA). However, this effect has not been investigated in human subjects. This study aims to determine the effect of GSM powder on biomarkers of cartilage metabolism, bone resorption, and inflammation in New Zealand healthy overweight/obese postmenopausal women who are at early stage or at high risk of OA. METHOD: Fifty overweight or obese (BMI 25-35 kg/m2) postmenopausal women (aged 55-75 years) will be recruited by advertisement. Participants will be randomized based on a double-blind randomization schedule and stratified randomization based on BMI and age distribution. The participant will be assigned with a 1:1 allocation ratio to receive 3 g/d whole meat GSM powder or placebo (sunflower seed protein) for 12 weeks. Data on socio-demographics, physical activity, and dietary intake will be collected for each subject. Cartilage turnover biomarkers [(C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), C-propeptide of type II procollagen (CPII), Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)], and bone resorption marker (CTX-I) will be measured in blood and urine samples. Inflammatory status (hs-CRP and cytokine panel) will be assessed and iron status will be measured. Body composition including fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Joint pain and knee function will be assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, respectively. DISCUSSION: This trial will be the first to explore the effects of whole meat GSM powder on cartilage turnover, bone resorption, and inflammation biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The results from this trial will provide evidence on the efficacy of GSM in the prevention of OA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000413921p . Registration on 27 March 2020.