Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Medicinal cannabis

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    Exploring women’s intentions to seek medicinal cannabis prescriptions in New Zealand using the theory of planned behaviour
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-03-13) Withanarachchie V; Rychert M; Wilkins C
    Background: Women are an emerging demographic for legal medicinal cannabis (MC) in New Zealand and overseas, yet their information sources and prescription pathways remain underexplored. This study examines how women learn about MC and the factors influencing their prescription decisions, including motivations tied to prior cannabis experience. Methods: Interviews with 23 women who sought MC prescriptions in the last 12 months. The Theory of Planned Behaviour guided the deductive thematic analysis to explore the factors influencing their intention to seek MC prescriptions. Results: Participants were primarily motivated by positive online testimonies from other women MC consumers. Unregulated forums, social media, and cannabis clinics websites provided accessible channels for MC information, supporting self-guided treatment and perceptions of prescription pathways (private cannabis clinics vs. regular physicians). Past negative experiences with medical professionals influenced these choices. While some women feared stigma and judgement, others felt empowered to prioritise their needs and challenge gendered views of cannabis. Conclusion: The TPB model showed that positive beliefs about MC, accessible prescriptions, and support encouraged legal MC use, while stigma and negative physician interactions discouraged it. Digital platforms enabled self-guided treatment, however, limit reliable information. Credible online resources are needed to support women’s growing interest in MC.
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    Exploring hidden risks and empowerment in women’s acquisition of medicinal cannabis from illegal markets: a qualitative study
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-03-21) Withanarachchie V; Rychert M; Wilkins C
    Background: Women are a growing consumer base for medicinal cannabis (MC) in jurisdictions where it has been legalised, however, many still purchase MC from the unregulated illegal market. Little is known about women’s experiences of buying MC from these male-dominated illegal drug markets. This study explores women’s lived experiences accessing MC from illegal markets in New Zealand (NZ) to inform the need to ehance MC schemes for women. Methods: In-depth interviews with 15 women who purchased MC from the illegal market post MC legalisation. A qualitative description approach analysed their experiences, supplier relationships, and safety. Results: MC legalisation has facilitated a pathway to prescriptions, however, women face barriers including less disposable income, prioritising family expenses, and sexist attitudes among health professionals. Illegal markets were described as intimidating, with reports of sexual harassment, assault, and robbery. A novel finding waswomen-only social media groups for safety and supplier monitoring. Participants felt responsible for their own safety, as reporting to police posed legal risks. Conclusion: Women face gende-specific vulnerabilities when buying MC illegally, including safety risks and exposure to unregulated products. The findings are often overlooked in MC policy discussions, highlighting the need for gender-informed MC access.
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    Predictors of voter support for the legalization of recreational cannabis use and supply via a national referendum
    (Elsevier B.V, 2022-01) Wilkins C; Tremewan J; Rychert M; Atkinson Q; Fischer K; Forsyth GAL
    Background A national referendum to legalise recreational cannabis use and supply in New Zealand via the Cannabis Legalisation and Control Bill (CLCB) was recently narrowly defeated. Understanding the underlying factors for this result can inform the cannabis legalisation debate in other countries. Aims To investigate predictors of voter support for and opposition to the CLCB. Method A representative population panel of 1,022 people completed an online survey of intended voting on the CLCB referendum, which included questions on demographics, drug use history, medicinal cannabis, perceptions of the health risk and moral views of cannabis use, political affiliation, religiosity, community size and reading of the CLCB. Regression models were developed to predict support for the CLCB, with additional predictor variables added over successive iterations. Results The most robust predictors of support for the CLCB were use of and policy support for medicinal cannabis use, voting for a left-wing political party, having a positive moral view of cannabis use, living in a small town and having read the CLCB. Predictors of opposing the CLCB were voting for right-wing parties, considering “frequent” cannabis use to be a high health risk, and lifetime use of other drugs. Age, ethnicity, education, employment status, religiosity and lifetime cannabis use were not significant predictors after controlling for other variables. Conclusions Support for cannabis legalization was not based on broad demographics, but rather specific views concerning the medicinal benefit, morality of cannabis use, health risk of frequent cannabis use, political party affiliation, and knowledge of the proposed regulatory controls of the CLCB. The influence of moral views of cannabis use on voting behaviour suggest the need to debate the right to use cannabis. The importance of knowledge of the proposed regulatory controls of the CLCB on voting underlines the need to raise awareness of proposed regulatory controls during debate.
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    The role of cannabis clinics in the health system: a qualitative study of physicians' views in New Zealand
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2023-01-04) Withanarachchie V; Rychert M; Wilkins C
    Background Privately-owned cannabis clinics have sprung up in many jurisdictions where medicinal cannabis has been legalised and provide an alternative pathway for patients who are unable or unwilling to access a prescription for cannabis-based medicinal products from their usual healthcare providers. Aims This study aimed to explore physicians’ views on cannabis clinics, including their perceptions of the role cannabis clinics play in the wider health system. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with thirty-one physicians affiliated with private and community clinics in New Zealand (including cannabis clinicians, GPs, and specialist doctors). The interviews were conducted from July to December 2021. Data were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Cannabis clinicians positioned themselves as (1) “service providers”, facilitating consumer access to cannabis prescriptions and products, and (2) “educators”, providing advice to patients and the wider physician community. While general practitioners and specialists recognised the benefits of specialised cannabis clinics (i.e., knowledge of products and a non-judgmental environment), they questioned the limited evidence of clinical efficacy for cannabis, potential financial conflicts of interests of cannabis clinicians that may blur their clinical judgement, and the risk of compartmentalising patients’ healthcare. Conclusions Our paper raises a number of challenges with attempting to integrate cannabis clinics into the wider health system.