Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Reducing AI bias in recruitment and selection: an integrative grounded approach
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-03-20) Soleimani M; Intezari A; Arrowsmith J; Pauleen DJ; Taskin N
    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming business domains such as operations, marketing, risk, and financial management. However, its integration into Human Resource Management (HRM) poses challenges, particularly in recruitment, where AI influences work dynamics and decision-making. This study, using a grounded theory approach, interviewed 39 HR professionals and AI developers to explore potential biases in AI-Recruitment Systems (AIRS) and identify mitigation techniques. Findings highlight a critical gap: the HR profession’s need to embrace both technical skills and nuanced people-focused competencies to collaborate effectively with AI developers and drive informed discussions on the scope of AI’s role in recruitment and selection. This research integrates Gibson’s direct perception theory and Gregory’s indirect perception theory, combining psychological, information systems, and HRM perspectives to offer insights into decision-making biases in AI. A framework is proposed to clarify decision-making biases and guide the development of robust protocols for AI in HR, with a focus on ethical oversight and regulatory needs. This research contributes to AI-based HR decision-making literature by exploring the intersection of cognitive bias and AI-augmented decisions in recruitment and selection. It offers practical insights for HR professionals and AI developers on how collaboration and perception can improve the fairness and effectiveness of AIRS-aided decisions.
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    The process of nurses' role negotiation in general practice: A grounded theory study.
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-11-06) Hewitt SL; Mills JE; Hoare KJ; Sheridan NF
    AIM: To explain the process by which nurses' roles are negotiated in general practice. BACKGROUND: Primary care nurses do important work within a social model of health to meet the needs of the populations they serve. Latterly, in the face of increased demand and workforce shortages, they are also taking on more medical responsibilities through task-shifting. Despite the increased complexity of their professional role, little is known about the processes by which it is negotiated. DESIGN: Constructivist grounded theory. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants from 17 New Zealand general practices between December 2020 and January 2022. Due to COVID-19, 11 interviews were via Zoom™. Concurrent data generation and analysis, using the constant comparative method and common grounded theory methods, identified the participants' main concern and led to the construction of a substantive explanatory theory around a core category. RESULTS: The substantive explanatory theory of creating place proposes that the negotiation of nurse roles within New Zealand general practice is a three-stage process involving occupying space, positioning to do differently and leveraging opportunity. Nurses and others act and interact in these stages, in accordance with their conceptualizations of need-responsive nursing practice, towards the outcome defining place. Defining place conceptualizes an accommodation between the values beliefs and expectations of individuals and pre-existing organizational norms, in which individual and group-normative concepts of need-responsive nursing practice are themselves developed. CONCLUSION: The theory of creating place provides new insights into the process of nurses' role negotiation in general practice. Findings support strategies to enable nurses, employers and health system managers to better negotiate professional roles to meet the needs of the populations they serve, while making optimum use of nursing skills and competencies. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Findings can inform nurses to better negotiate the complexities of the primary care environment, balancing systemic exigencies with the health needs of populations. IMPACT: What Problem Did the Study Address? In the face of health inequity, general practice nurses in New Zealand, as elsewhere, are key to meeting complex primary health needs. There is an evidence gap regarding the processes by which nurses' roles are negotiated within provider organizations. A deeper understanding of such processes may enable better use of nursing skills to address unmet health need. What Were the Main Findings? Nurses' roles in New Zealand general practice are determined through goal-driven negotiation in accordance with individual concepts of need-responsive nursing practice. Individuals progress from occupying workspaces defined by the care-philosophies of others to defining workplaces that incorporate their own professional beliefs, values and expectations. Negotiation is conditional upon access to role models, scheduled dialogue with mentors and decision-makers, and support for safe practice. Strong clinical and organizational governance and individuals' own positive personal self-efficacy are enablers of effective negotiation. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have Impact? The theory of Creating Space can inform organizational and individual efforts to advance the roles of general practice nurses to meet the health needs of their communities. General practice organizations can provide safe, supported environments for effective negotiation; primary care leaders can promote strong governance and develop individuals' sense of self-efficacy by involving them in key decisions. Nurses themselves can use the theory as a framework to support critical reflection on how to engage in active negotiation of their professional roles. REPORTING METHOD: The authors adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the COREQ reporting method. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Researchers and participants currently working in general practice were involved in the development of this study. By the process of theoretical sampling and constant comparison, participants' comments helped to shape the study design. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: An understanding of the processes by which health professionals negotiate their roles is important to support them to meet the challenges of increased complexity across all health sectors globally.
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    Navigating asthma-the immigrant child in a tug-of-war: A constructivist grounded theory
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-07) Sudarsan I; Hoare K; Sheridan N; Roberts J
    BACKGROUND: Avoidable hospitalisation rates for Indian immigrant children with asthma is high in New Zealand and other Western countries. Understanding how children and their carers manage asthma may lead to a reduction in hospitalisation rates. The topic of asthma and Indian immigrant children's perspectives has not been investigated. Most studies on the topic focus on the experiences of family carers and health professionals. Practice cannot be advanced in the child's best interests unless the child's asthma experiences are explored. The following research addressed this gap by upholding Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, thereby giving Indian immigrant children a voice in describing their asthma experiences. DESIGN: Constructivist grounded theory. METHODS: Intensive interviews were conducted with ten family carers and nine children (eight to 17 years old). Child-sensitive data collection techniques such as drawing, and photography were used to facilitate interviewing children younger than 14 years. The COREQ guidelines guided the reporting of this study. RESULTS: The theory, navigating asthma: the immigrant child in a tug-of-war, is the resulting grounded theory with the tug-of-war being the basic social process. This theory comprises three main categories: being fearful, seeking support and clashing cultures. The data reflected two types of tug-of-war: one between two cultures, the native Indian and the host New Zealand culture and another between family carers' and children's preferences. CONCLUSION: Acculturation and sociocultural factors may significantly influence the asthma experiences of Indian immigrants. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The theory may assist healthcare practitioners to better comprehend Indian immigrants' asthma experiences within their wider sociocultural context. Our research indicates the need for healthcare practitioners to work in partnership with Indian immigrant families to implement culturally safe asthma management strategies.
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    Giving voice to children in research: The power of child-centered constructivist grounded theory methodology
    (Wiley Periodicals LLC, 2022-08) Sudarsan I; Hoare K; Sheridan N; Roberts J
    There has been a growing interest in giving voice to children in response to the introduction of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and evolving sociological discourses on childhood. Using child-sensitive methodologies such as constructivist grounded theory (CGT) enables children's voices to contribute authentic, meaningful, and eventually more actionable data, capable of informing policies and practices in children's best interests. In this article, we discuss how researchers using CGT can privilege children's voices through effective knowledge coconstruction by creating a child-sensitive research space and using methods that are appropriate to their abilities and interests. We draw on selected data from the first author's (I. S.) PhD project that explores Indian immigrant children's and their family carers' beliefs, practices, and experiences of asthma in New Zealand. We encourage researchers to consider CGT as one of the appropriate methodological choices to explicitly promote the voice of the child.
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    Grounded theory: The FAQs
    (University of Alberta, 21/10/2019) Birks M; Hoare K; Mills J
    Since being developed as a research methodology in the 1960s, grounded theory (GT) has grown in popularity. In spite of its prevalence, considerable confusion surrounds GT, particularly in respect of the essential methods that characterize this approach to research. Misinformation is evident in the literature around issues such as the various approaches to GT, how long the process takes, the role of literature and preconceptions, generating and using data and strategies to produce theory. This article examines the most frequently asked questions about GT in an effort to demystify its purpose and use. Understanding the fundamental concepts of GT is critical to the correct use and application of GT methods and the ultimate production of theory that is grounded in data. More significantly, this understanding can prevent researchers encountering common pitfalls that can impede the process and impact the products of research.
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    Meeting in the Middle: Using Lingua Franca in Cross-Language Qualitative Health Research in Papua New Guinea
    (SAGE Journals for the International Institute for Qualitative Methodology (IIQM) at the University of Alberta, Canada, 30/10/2019) Redman-MacLaren M; Mafile'o T; Tommbe R; MacLaren D
    With words as data, qualitative researchers rely upon language to understand the meaning participants make of the phenomena under study. Cross-language research requires communication about and between linguistic systems, with language a site of power. This article describes the use of the lingua franca of Tok Pisin in a study conducted to explore the implications of male circumcision for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention for women in Papua New Guinea. Utilizing a transformational grounded theory methodology, researchers conducted an analysis of data from an HIV prevention study. Researchers then facilitated individual interviews and interpretive focus groups to explore preliminary categories identified during the analysis. Most focus groups and interviews were conducted in the local lingua franca Tok Pisin, which is neither the researchers’ nor most participants’ first language. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed. Researchers returned to research participants to discuss research findings and recommendations. Following critical reflection by the authors and further discussions with participants, it was evident that using Tok Pisin enriched the research process and findings. Using the lingua franca of Tok Pisin enabled interaction in a language closer to the lived experience of participants, devolved the power of the researcher, and was consistent with decolonizing methodologies. Participants reported the use of Tok Pisin, em i tasim (pilim) bun bilong mipela, “it touches our bones,” and enabled a flow of conversation with the researchers that engendered trust. It is critical researchers address hierarchies of language in order to enable cogeneration of quality research findings.