Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Evaluating front-of-pack voluntary well-being messaging for milk powders targeting Chinese older adults: A hedonic price model(Elsevier Inc and Fass Inc on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association, 2023-12) Chen A; Moradi S; Hort JThis study examines the price structure of milk powders targeting Chinese older adults, with special emphasis on the assessment of front-of-pack (FOP) voluntary well-being messaging (VWM), using a hedonic price model. Data of 456 sets of product prices and attributes were collected from official stores at online shops, TMALL.com and JD.com, in China. Prices were recorded 10 d before, during, and 10 d after a major online promotion event (November 11, 2021). A hedonic price model was employed to decompose explicit market prices into individual product attributes implicit prices, including essential attributes, such as milk source, brand origin, package material, and nutritional composition, and nonessential attributes conveyed by FOP VWM, regarding nutrition, ingredients, health, sensory qualities, and certification. Results showed that above and beyond essential attributes, nonessential attributes conveyed by FOP VWM were significantly associated with price. Specifically, significant price premiums were associated with dietary fiber claims (+12.7%), no added sugar (+19.0%) and potential health benefits (+19.3%), as nutrition-, ingredient-, and health-related FOP VWM respectively. However, nutrition claims regarding calcium and fat were negatively associated with price (-21.2% and -8.0%, respectively, when they were presented). Additionally, nutrition claims for protein and vitamin D, introducing farm environment, referring to imported ingredients, declaring specific ingredients added, describing sensory characterizes and providing certificates on FOP were not significantly associated with price in this market. These findings provide manufacturers with information to better differentiate their products by producing and advertising attributes most valued by consumers.Item Well-being Messaging for Mammalian Milks: A Scoping Review(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-10-22) Moradi S; Hort J; Roy NCHaving a holistic understanding of research on well-being messaging for milk is vital to allow the optimal communication of the association between milk consumption and various nutritional, physical, and psychological benefits to the consumer. This work is a unique interdisciplinary, scoping review of existing research on well-being messaging for milk. Well-being messages are ways to communicate the broad well-being benefits of specific products to the consumer through information on food content or statements that link a product with favourable components, functions, or well-being outcomes. Leveraging this broad definition, and by proposing a guiding theoretical model that considers well-being messaging as a form of communication, milk well-being messaging literature has been mapped across time, geographical locations, disciplines, and product types. Two hundred forty-six were records included in this review, of which 177 were empirical studies. Studies were disseminated between 1954 and 2019, with 54.9% published after 2011. Food, Agriculture, and Biological Sciences (N = 109), Nutrition and Dietetics (N = 78), and Medicine, Public Health, and Health Professions (N = 69) disciplines have attracted the most publications, with numbers generally increasing in most recent years. The majority of included non-empirical records (69.6%) provide lists of commercially available products carrying well-being messaging and/or regulations on the use of particular well-being messages for milk according to various legislative authorities. Most of the empirical studies were conducted in North America (N = 71), West Europe (N = 52), and Oceania (N = 22), and on plain (i.e., unflavoured) milk (N = 152). Whereas, most studied elements of well-being messaging for milk across time, i.e., message (N = 169), product (N = 141), receiver (N = 101), and context (N = 72) have seen an increasing number of studies in recent years; sender (N = 51) and medium (N = 27) have been even less studied in the past four years. A more detailed analysis of research trends in each element of well-being messaging is reported. The research highlights immediate and strategic knowledge gaps that need further attention from researchers and/or policymakers in order to improve the "messaging" of well-being benefits of milk consumption to the consumer.Item Black tea and improvement of attention: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-05-24) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani AFollowing an application from Unilever NV, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Ireland, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to black tea and improvement of attention. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim based on newly developed scientific evidence. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is black tea. The Panel considers that black tea characterised by its content of tea solids, caffeine and l-theanine, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'improves attention'. The Panel considers that improvement of attention is a beneficial physiological effect. Three human intervention studies provided by the applicant show an effect of black tea on attention under the conditions of used proposed by the applicant. The applicant proposed that the claimed effect depends on the concerted action of two substances, caffeine and l-theanine, both of which are present in black tea. The Panel considers that the effect of black tea on attention observed in the three human intervention studies provided by the applicant can be explained by its caffeine content. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of black tea and improvement of attention. The Panel considers that the effect of black tea on attention can be explained by its caffeine content. The following wording reflects the scientific evidence: 'Owing to its caffeine content, black tea improves attention'. In order to obtain the claimed effect, 2-3 servings of black tea providing at least 75 mg of caffeine in total should be consumed within 90 min.Item Xanthohumol in XERME®, a xanthohumol-enriched roasted malt extract, and protection of DNA from oxidative damage: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-03-13) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani AFollowing an application from TA-XAN AG, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Germany, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to xanthohumol in XERME ®, a xanthohumol-enriched roasted malt extract, and protection of DNA from oxidative damage. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim based on newly developed scientific evidence. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is xanthohumol in XERME ®, a xanthohumol-enriched roasted malt extract. The Panel considers that xanthohumol in XERME ®, a xanthohumol-enriched roasted malt extract, is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'helps to maintain the integrity of DNA and protects against oxidative damage in the cells of the body'. The Panel considers that protection of DNA from oxidative damage is a beneficial physiological effect. The only human study from which conclusions can be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim did not show an effect of xanthohumol in XERME ® on the protection of DNA from oxidative damage. In the absence of evidence for an effect of xanthohumol in XERME ® on the protection of DNA from oxidative damage, the studies provided by the applicant on the proposed mechanisms by which the food/constituent could exert the claimed effect were not considered by the Panel for the scientific substantiation of the claim. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of xanthohumol in XERME ®, a xanthohumol-enriched roasted malt extract, and protection of DNA from oxidative damage.Item Symbiosal® and lowering of blood pressure and reduced risk of hypertension: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-07-25) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (EFSA NDA Panel); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani AFollowing an application from Han-Biotech GmbH, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Germany, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Symbiosal®, lowering of blood pressure and reduced risk of hypertension. The Panel considers that the food, Symbiosal®, which is the subject of the health claim, and the food, table salt, which Symbiosal® should replace, are sufficiently characterised. Lowering of blood pressure is a beneficial physiological effect. Increased blood pressure is a risk factor for hypertension. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that one human study with some methodological limitations showed an effect of Symbiosal® on blood pressure in the context of a self-selected diet with a maximum of 3 g/day added salt. The Panel also took into account that no other human studies in which these results have been replicated were provided, that the animal studies did not support the results of the human study, that no evidence was provided in support of a mechanism by which Symbiosal® could induce a decrease in blood pressure upon oral consumption as compared to table salt in vivo in humans, and the low biological plausibility of the effect observed in the human intervention study. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of Symbiosal® and lowering of blood pressure.Item NWT-02, a fixed combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk and reduction of the loss of vision: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-01-18) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (EFSA NDA Panel); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani AFollowing an application from Newtricious R&D B.V., submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of the Netherlands, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to NWT-02 and a reduction of the loss of vision. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is NWT-02. NWT-02 is standardised by its content in lutein (≥ 1.10 mg), zeaxanthin (≥ 0.20 mg) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (≥ 170 mg). The Panel considers that the food/constituent that is the subject of the health claim, NWT-02, a fixed combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk, is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'reduces loss of vision'. The target population proposed by the applicant is 'healthy adults over 50 years of age'. The Panel considers that a reduction of the loss of vision is a beneficial physiological effect. The applicant provided two human intervention studies for the scientific substantiation of the claim. The Panel considers that the only study from which conclusions can be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim did not show an effect of NWT-02 on vision. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of NWT-02, a fixed combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk, and a reduction of the loss of vision.Item L-carnitine and contribution to normal lipid metabolism: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-01-16) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (EFSA NDA Panel); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani AFollowing an application from Lonza Ltd., submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Germany, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to L-carnitine and normal lipid metabolism. The food that is proposed as the subject of the health claim is L-carnitine. The Panel considers that L-carnitine is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'normal lipid metabolism'. The target population proposed by the applicant is the general population. The Panel considers that contribution to normal lipid metabolism is a beneficial physiological effect. The applicant proposes that the claim submitted with this application is based on the essentiality of a nutrient. The Panel considers that the evidence provided does not establish that dietary L-carnitine is required to maintain normal lipid metabolism in the target population, for which the claim is intended. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of L-carnitine and contribution to normal lipid metabolism in the target population.Item Black tea and maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-01-16) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (EFSA NDA panel); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdor I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani AFollowing an application from Unilever NV, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Ireland, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to black tea and maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim based on newly developed scientific evidence. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is black tea beverages, either freshly prepared or reconstituted from water extract powders of black tea, characterised by the content of flavanols (expressed as catechins plus theaflavins) of at least 30 mg per 200 mL serving. The Panel considers that black tea characterised by the content of flavanols (expressed as catechins plus theaflavins) is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation'. The Panel considers that maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation is a beneficial physiological effect. Of the five human intervention studies provided on the chronic effect of black tea consumption on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, two investigated the effect after regular consumption of black tea for a sufficiently long time period (i.e. at least 4 weeks). These two studies did not allow an effect of black tea on endothelium-dependent vasodilation to be established. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of black tea and maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation.