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Item Floating Away: The Impact of Hydroelectric Power Stations on Tourists’ Experience in Iceland(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2018-07-04) Sæpórsdóttir AD; Hall CMIt is of vital importance that nature-based tourist destinations maintain their natural resources in a sustainable way. Nature and wilderness are the main attractions for tourism in Iceland. The Central Highlands are uninhabited with little visible evidence of human influence except for some huts, gravel roads, and a small number of hydroelectric power plants. However, there are plans for further hydroelectric power development in the area. The Blanda Power Station was constructed in 1991 at the edge of the North Central Highlands. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among tourists in the area in the summer of 2016 with a total of 1078 answered questionnaires. The objective was to estimate the impact of the power station on the experience of tourists and to assess whether their attitude differs from that of tourists in locations where power plant construction has been proposed. The results show that the power plant infrastructure at Blanda, with the exception of transmission lines, does not seem to disturb the experience of the majority of tourists. Tourists at Blanda are also more positive towards power plants than at locations where there are no power plants but where they have been proposed.Item Marketing and Sustainability: Business as Usual or Changing Worldviews?(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-02-02) Kemper JA; Hall CM; Ballantine PW; Kemper JA; Hall CM; Ballantine PWMarketing, and the business schools within which most marketing academics and researchers work, have a fraught relationship with sustainability. Marketing is typically regarded as encouraging overconsumption and contributing to global change yet, simultaneously, it is also promoted as a means to enable sustainable consumption. Based on a critical review of the literature, the paper responds to the need to better understand the underpinnings of marketing worldviews with respect to sustainability. The paper discusses the concept of worldviews and their transformation, sustainability's articulation in marketing and business schools, and the implications of the market logic dominance in faculty mind-sets. This is timely given that business schools are increasingly positioning themselves as a positive contributor to sustainability. Institutional barriers, specifically within universities, business schools, and the marketing discipline, are identified as affecting the ability to effect 'bottom-up' change. It is concluded that if institutions, including disciplines and business schools, remain wedded to assumptions regarding the compatibility between the environment and economic growth and acceptance of market forces then the development of alternative perspectives on sustainability remains highly problematic.Item Children’s nutrition education integrated with traditional Chinese culture : a social impact and sustainability concept of a dietary program based on the twenty-four solar terms : Master in Design, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand(Massey University, 2024) Zhang, XiaohongIn today's society, there is a growing concern about children's eating habits. The issue of environmental sustainability has also gained prominence. This design research explores the health and environmental impacts of children’s eating and aims to foster healthy eating habits. By advocating fruit and vegetable consumption, especially when they are seasonal, design interventions can encourage children to eat healthier, improve physical health while also raising awareness of a sustainable lifestyle manifested through Chinese cultural heritage and traditions. This visual communication design project, 24 Treasures, creates a collectible card series that draws on traditional Chinese culture and combines the concept of the 24 solar terms to promote healthy seasonal eating. During each solar term, children can not only learn more about the corresponding seasonal fruits and vegetables, but also experience fun engagement and incentives through the collection card rewards. The card series guides children through education and practice. 24 Treasures represents an important step in fostering healthy eating habits, environmental awareness and cultural appreciation among children. This also aligns with the Chinese government's sustainable goals.Item Sustainable Careers within Greening Economies(Australian Council for Educational Research for SAGE Publications, 2024-10-08) Hopner V; Carr S; Wloch JSustainable Livelihoods are more adaptable than precarious jobs, for career development through Decent Work. An essential element for Career Sustainability is Climate action, that includes Just Transitions from carbon-intensive to carbon-neutral or regenerative work. This paper analyses a municipal transition from coal-mining to a more carbon-neutral, city economy, which has foregrounded just transition for miners, and improved the wider ecosystem. The Polish city of Katowice in Poland illustrates how work and career structures, in this case municipal, can work for people in everyday life and their future careers. The case may also serve as a lighthouse project for future just transitions, as part of sustainable career development, by greening economies and supporting access to decent work for all.Item Financial and nonfinancial analyses of Nigerian cocoa cooperatives : implications for governance and sustainable development : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2023) Ajayi, Joseph OmotosoThe objectives of this study were to develop a framework that explains the financial and nonfinancial business performance of Nigerian cocoa cooperatives with implications for governance and sustainability, analyse how governance and sustainable development are reported by cocoa cooperatives and investigate how the relationship between governance and sustainable development can be explored. The study provided answers to the research questions and the three objectives were addressed by using analysis of financial data, interviews, secondary data and case studies. The four largest cocoa cooperatives in the Ondo State of Nigeria which are Akure CMU Ltd, Odode-Idanre CMU Ltd, Owo CMU Ltd and Alade-Idanre CMU Ltd were purposively selected. The study used financial and non-financial documents of the four secondary cooperatives. These are annual reports and books of accounts (2018-2022), progress reports, documents from meetings and public forums, and legal documents (bylaws). Twelve semi-structured interviews were also conducted with three directors from each of the four cooperatives. From the financial analysis, the trend analysis of these financial positions reveals variations among the cooperatives, Akure CMU Ltd generally has higher assets and equity compared to others, while Alade-Idanre CMU Ltd has lower assets and equity. The non-financial analysis revealed that Akure CMU Ltd, Owo CMU ltd, Alade Idanre CMU Ltd, and Odode CMU Ltd all have a statutory 10% of their earnings meant for educational purposes. This was in line with the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) as a key element of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. On Skill Development and Training, there was enough secondary data from Akure CMU Ltd, Owo CMU Ltd, Alade Idanre CMU Ltd and Odode CMU Ltd to provide evidence of each cooperative commitment to upscaling the skills of its primary cooperatives and their members. As that they have a statutory responsibility for development funding. Their records show that the funding was mostly used for strategic development. The cooperatives also had Women's Engagement and Empowerment commitments, and implemented the Accelerating Action for the Elimination of Child Labour in Supply Chain in Africa (ACCEL- Africa) in Nigeria which is intended to improve awareness and behavioural change by the cooperatives to accelerate the eradication of child labour. The four cooperatives engaged in biodiversity protection and environmental programmes. The results of the interview were able to validate and corroborate most of the findings from most the financial and nonfinancial analysis of the cooperatives.Item The Water Footprint of Pastoral Dairy Farming: The Effect of Water Footprint Methods, Data Sources and Spatial Scale(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-02) Higham CD; Singh R; Horne DJ; Gerbens-Leenes WThe water footprint of pastoral dairy milk production was assessed by analysing water use at 28 irrigated and 60 non-irrigated ‘rain-fed’ pastoral dairy farms in three regions of New Zealand. Two water footprint methods, the WFN-based blue water footprint impact index (WFIIblue) and the Available WAter REmaining (AWARE) water scarcity footprint (WFAWARE), were evaluated using different sets of global or local data sources, different rates of environmental flow requirements, and the regional or catchment scale of the analysis. A majority (~99%) of the consumptive water footprint of a unit of pastoral dairy milk production (L/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk) was quantified as being associated with green and blue water consumption via evapotranspiration for pasture and feed used at the studied dairy farms. The quantified WFIIblue (-) and WFAWARE (m3 world eq./kg of FPCM) indices ranked in a similar order (from lowest to highest) regarding the water scarcity footprint impact associated with pastoral dairy milk production across the study regions and catchments. However, use of the global or local data sets significantly affected the quantification and comparative rankings of the WFIIblue and WFAWARE values. Compared to the local data sets, using the global data sets resulted in significant under- or overestimation of the WFIIblue and WFAWARE values across the study regions and catchments. A catchment-scale analysis using locally available data sets and calibrated models is recommended to robustly assess water consumption and its associated water scarcity impact due to pastoral dairy milk production in local catchments.Item Water Footprints of Dairy Milk Processing Industry: A Case Study of Punjab (India)(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-02) Sharma H; Singh PK; Kaur I; Singh R; Teodosiu CA robust assessment of water used in agriculture, including livestock production systems and supply chains, is critical to inform diversification and the development of productivity and sustainable food production systems. This paper presents a detailed analysis of water used and consumed in nine dairy milk processing plants spread across Punjab, India’s leading dairy milk-producing state. Over the five years (2015–2019), the direct water use (DWU) was quantified at 3.31 L of groundwater per kg of milk processed. Only about 26% of the direct water used was consumed, including evaporative losses in various milk processing operations, while the remaining 74% was returned as effluent discharges. The average total water footprint (TWF), accounting for both direct and indirect water consumption, was quantified at 9.0 L of water per kg of milk processed. The majority share (~89%) of the total water footprint was contributed by the indirect water footprint associated with the consumption of electricity (energy) in dairy milk processing activities. The plant’s milk processing capacity and processing products mix also affected significant seasonal and annual variations in the direct and indirect water footprints of dairy milk processing. The analysis also found an inverse relationship between the average total water footprint and the average monthly amount of milk processed in the study plants. Therefore, efforts to reduce the indirect water footprint (associated with energy consumption), the treatment and recycling of effluent discharges, and the optimization of milk processing capacity, the dairy processing product mix, and the locations of dairy processing plants are expected to help reduce the water footprint of dairy processing in the state.Item Tourism, empowerment and sustainable development: A new framework for analysis(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-11) Scheyvens R; van der Watt HFor over twenty years, tourism researchers have examined how to determine whether destination communities are being empowered through tourism: there is much we can learn through analysis of that work. We outline and critique the most commonly used empowerment framework in this field as was first published by Scheyvens in 1999, which has four dimensions (psychological, social, economic and political) but which has been adapted and extended in a variety of ways. We also consider two other frameworks, and the application of a revised model in the South African context, before proposing that the Scheyvens framework would be strengthened through the addition of environmental and cultural dimensions. We draw theoretical inspiration from nested circle approaches to sustainable development to embed the dimensions of community empowerment within a series of ‘enabling factors’ that might support possibilities for community empowerment to occur, and, in turn, the empowerment dimensions and enabling factors are situated within a wider circle of the natural environment. We have structured this all into a new Empowerment and Sustainable Development Framework.Item A systematic literature review on environmental sustainability issues of flexible packaging: potential pathways for academic research and managerial practice(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-04-15) Farrukh A; Mathrani S; Sajjad A; Tacker M; Apprich S; Krauter VThe purpose of this review is to investigate environmental sustainability issues of the flexible packaging (FP) segment of the packaging industry. Increasingly, waste and pollution caused by FP have become a significant challenge for global sustainable development. Prior research studies have examined a diverse set of environmental challenges associated with FP, albeit, in a fragmented way. There is a paucity of research exploring and synthesizing the environmental burden of FP in an integrated fashion. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify, synthesize, and analyze the environmental sustainability issues of FP utilizing the SCOPUS database. Based on an in-depth critical analysis of selected articles, this paper provides novel insights to scholars, practitioners, and policymakers for developing an improved understanding of environmental issues of the FP sector. This paper promotes academic scholarship and strengthens managerial practice in addressing the environmental sustainability challenges of FP.Item Sustainable development : a New Zealand agri-food corporate business and cooperative response : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agribusiness at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2022) Deterville, Apral KaraThe United Nation (UN) has commissioned a global call to action a sustainable future through the development and achievement of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Corporate business and cooperative business models in the New Zealand Agri-food sector are recognised as key actors in the adoption of the sustainable development agenda to address social, environmental, and economic global challenges. This research seeks to analyse the response to sustainable development between two different business models: Agri-Food corporate business and Agri-Food cooperatives in New Zealand. The main objectives of the study were to develop and apply a theoretical framework in response to sustainable development by two different business models: Agri-Food corporate business and cooperative models, and to compare the responses to sustainable development in these two models. The study was conducted through a multiple case study approach of the two business models within the red meat sector in New Zealand. A qualitative research approach was adopted using a semi-structured interview approach for primary data collection and assessing business documents for secondary data. The participants were selected by purposive sampling to ensure the validity and specific information and insight were captured from relevant actors. A cross-analysis and pattern matching was used to analyse and compare the results of both entities. The results from the study indicated that both business models are responding to economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainable development. The analysis revealed that the Agri-Food cooperative is responding to all dimensions but more extensively toward the social dimension of sustainable development. The Agri-Food corporate business is responding to all dimensions but more broadly, responding toward the environmental dimension of sustainable development. As both business models are responding to sustainable development, it is recognised that both firms are in the initial stages of developing a formal approach of reporting sustainability within their organisations, structuring their activities to better align to international sustainable development reporting standards.