Stitching stories, singing roots : Pashtun cultural revival in diaspora : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Design at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand

Abstract

Pashto, the second most spoken language in Pakistan and the national language of Afghanistan, is an essential marker of Pashtun identity. However, in the Pashtun diaspora, particularly in Aotearoa New Zealand, cultural and linguistic disconnection is increasingly evident among the second generation. This research responds to the concerns of cultural erosion by integrating Pashto calligraphy and tappay (folk poetry) on embroidered velvet fabric by fusing traditional embroidery techniques with digital fabrication methods such as laser engraving. In doing so, this study seeks to create a contemporary platform for Pashtun cultural expression. Central to this research is Pukhtunwali, the informal Pashtun code of conduct that governs social and moral values. Pukhtunwali encompasses principles such as bravery, love, spirituality, nationalism, hospitality, resilience, and women’s empowerment, making it a significant framework for cultural identity. During two workshops conducted as part of this project, 43 tappay and 9 Pukhtunwali codes were shared with eight participants. From these, 23 tappay were identified as most reflective of the code of Pukhtunwali. The workshops were designed to create an immersive cultural experience, featuring Pashto music in the background and the serving of traditional food, fostering a sense of community and cultural nostalgia. Through two interactive Pashtun community workshops in Palmerston North, this project engages the Pashtun diaspora in cultural dialogue, gathering insights into their perceptions of identity, language, and heritage. The workshops explored stylized Pashto calligraphy and embroidery techniques as a means of cultural preservation. These community workshops were inspired by the concept of relational aesthetics suggested by Bourriaud and also by the work of Māori designer Dr. Johnson Witehira, a New Zealand artist, whose work is considered as pioneering in preserving Māori language. Thus, based on the concept of relational aesthetics and the work of Dr. Witehira, this research positions design as an active tool for cultural reclamation. This study updates traditional artistic practices using modern design methods. It helps explore how diaspora identity, cultural traditions, and indigenous art can stay relevant in the contemporary world. This thesis not only highlights the significance of Pashto calligraphy and tappay but also demonstrates how art and design can bridge generational and cultural divides, fostering a renewed sense of belonging within the Pashtun community in New Zealand.