The mitogenome of Phytophthora agathidicida: Evidence for a not so recent arrival of the "kauri killing" Phytophthora in New Zealand

Winkworth RC; Bellgard SE; McLenachan PA; Lockhart PJ

The mitogenome of Phytophthora agathidicida: Evidence for a not so recent arrival of the "kauri killing" Phytophthora in New Zealand

dc.citation.issue	5
dc.citation.volume	16
dc.contributor.author	Winkworth RC
dc.contributor.author	Bellgard SE
dc.contributor.author	McLenachan PA
dc.contributor.author	Lockhart PJ
dc.contributor.editor	Blair JE
dc.coverage.spatial	United States
dc.date.accessioned	2023-12-15T01:56:46Z
dc.date.accessioned	2024-07-25T06:48:37Z
dc.date.available	2021-05-21
dc.date.available	2023-12-15T01:56:46Z
dc.date.available	2024-07-25T06:48:37Z
dc.date.issued	2021-05-21
dc.description.abstract	Phytophthora agathidicida is associated with a root rot that threatens the long-term survival of the iconic New Zealand kauri. Although it is widely assumed that this pathogen arrived in New Zealand post-1945, this hypothesis has yet to be formally tested. Here we describe evolutionary analyses aimed at evaluating this and two alternative hypotheses. As a basis for our analyses, we assembled complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 16 accessions representing the geographic range of P. agathidicida as well as those of five other members of Phytophthora clade 5. All 21 mitogenome sequences were very similar, differing little in size with all sharing the same gene content and arrangement. We first examined the temporal origins of genetic diversity using a pair of calibration schemes. Both resulted in similar age estimates; specifically, a mean age of 303.0-304.4 years and 95% HPDs of 206.9-414.6 years for the most recent common ancestor of the included isolates. We then used phylogenetic tree building and network analyses to investigate the geographic distribution of the genetic diversity. Four geographically distinct genetic groups were recognised within P. agathidicida. Taken together the inferred age and geographic distribution of the sampled mitogenome diversity suggests that this pathogen diversified following arrival in New Zealand several hundred to several thousand years ago. This conclusion is consistent with the emergence of kauri dieback disease being a consequence of recent changes in the relationship between the pathogen, host, and environment rather than a post-1945 introduction of the causal pathogen into New Zealand.
dc.description.confidential	false
dc.format.pagination	e0250422-
dc.identifier.author-url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34019564
dc.identifier.citation	Winkworth RC, Bellgard SE, McLenachan PA, Lockhart PJ. (2021). The mitogenome of Phytophthora agathidicida: Evidence for a not so recent arrival of the "kauri killing" Phytophthora in New Zealand.. PLoS One. 16. 5. (pp. e0250422-).
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pone.0250422
dc.identifier.eissn	1932-6203
dc.identifier.elements-type	journal-article
dc.identifier.issn	1932-6203
dc.identifier.number	ARTN e0250422
dc.identifier.pii	PONE-D-20-40042
dc.identifier.uri	https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70929
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	PLOS
dc.publisher.uri	https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0250422
dc.relation.isPartOf	PLoS One
dc.rights	(c) The author	en
dc.rights.license	CC BY 4.0	en
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject	Araucariaceae
dc.subject	Evolution, Molecular
dc.subject	Genome, Mitochondrial
dc.subject	New Zealand
dc.subject	Phytophthora
dc.subject	Plant Diseases
dc.subject	Polymorphism, Genetic
dc.title	The mitogenome of Phytophthora agathidicida: Evidence for a not so recent arrival of the "kauri killing" Phytophthora in New Zealand
dc.type	Journal article
pubs.elements-id	445921
pubs.organisational-group	Other