Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research(Elsevier BV on behalf of the Public Health Association of Australia, 2022-04) Chambers T; Douwes J; 't Mannetje A; Woodward A; Baker M; Wilson N; Hales SItem Competition and Commercial Banks Risk-Taking: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa Region(Taylor and Francis Group, 26/04/2018) Akande JO; Kwenda F; Ehalaiye DThis study investigates the relationship between competition and the risk-taking attitude of banks. We test how this relationship manifests in the Sub-Saharan African(SSA) region’s commercial banks in light of the competition-fragility view, using the generalized methods of moments. We studied 440 commercial banks in 37 SSA countries over the period 2006–2015. The results provide evidence that supports a positive relationship between competition and banks’ overall risk as well as their credit risk but suggests that off-balance sheet risk reduces with competition. We, therefore, conclude that the propensity to undertake higher risk in a competitive banking environment largely accounts for fragility as argued in the competition-fragility view.Item Global emissions: A new contribution from the shadow economy(EconJournals, 8/04/2019) Nguyen PC; Thanh SD; Schinckus C; Bensemann J; Thanh LTBased on the STIRPAT model and the EKC hypothesis, this study provides new evidences on the economic determinants of global emissions. The system-GMM estimations are used for the sample of 106 economies in the period of 1995-2012 to investigate the influences of income level, urbanization, industrialization, energy intensity, public expenditure, trade openness, FDI inflow, and especially shadow economy on total greenhouse emissions, CO2 emissions, CH4 emissions, and N2O emissions, respectively. This study contributes to the literature in three folds. First, the industrialization energy intensity are the main drivers for all emissions (excluding N2O). While, urbanization has positive effects on emissions excluding the case of CH4. Other drivers including public spending and economic integration (proxied by trade openness and FDI inflow) are also tested with interesting findings. Second, a higher level of shadow economy increases all emissions excluding CO2. Third, the determinants of emissions vary depending on the countries' income level. The study is supported by a battery of robustness checks and by various estimations in the short and long-run to identify the importance of emissions' drivers.Item Retirement Income Sufficiency: A Comparison Study in Australia and New Zealand(MDPI AG, 15/02/2023) Xu X; Young M; Zou L; Fang JWe use the 2018 survey data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamic (HILDA) in Australia and the Household Economic Survey (HES) in New Zealand to investigate the retirement income sufficiency in Australia and New Zealand. Our baseline results indicate that the annuitized net wealth is greater for Australian retirees than for New Zealand retirees. However, New Zealand retirees enjoy a higher level of life satisfaction than Australian retirees. Further analysis reveals a significant greater pre- and postretirement income for the top 10% of wealthy Australian retirees, mainly due to the higher level of homeownership in Australia within this group. Our study fills the gap in the existing literature, which studies the macro- and microlevel influences on Australia and New Zealand retirees, and it also offers important policy implications.Item House price affordability, the global financial crisis and the (ir)relevance of mortgage rates(Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the Regional Studies Association, 5/08/2019) Squires G; Webber DJAlthough house prices and wages are both influenced by distinct factors that shape their own evolutions, they are also intrinsically connected through house price affordability. Further, macroeconomic policies centred around adjustments in the mortgage rate are of prime importance in ensuring that the housing market does not overheat. This study contributes to the understanding of the link between housing market affordability and mortgage rates by investigating this association across regions of New Zealand using quarterly data between 2000 and 2017. Applications of trajectory regression reveal that the global financial crisis affected regional house price affordability asymmetrically and there was no statistically significant correlation between house price affordability and mortgage rates.Item Political Background and Household Financial Asset Allocation in China(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 18/01/2021) Ge Y; Chen H; Zou L; Zhou ZPolitical background is an important factor in determining the household economic behavior. Using 2014–2018 households panel data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we investigate the effects of political background on China’s household asset allocation behavior. We find that political background has a significant positive impact on the financial market participation. Mediation analysis indicates that political background leads to higher household wealth, better social capital, and fewer credit constraints, thus promotes households investments. Further analysis shows that the marginal impact of political background on household investment behavior is more significant in Eastern and urban areas. Our results contribute to the existing literature on the relationship between the political background and the household investment behavior, also enhancing the understanding of the household portfolio heterogeneity.Item Conditions of pure arbitrage applications: Evidence from three currencies(Addleton Academic Publishers, 2016) Chen J; Bin L; Zhao PThis study analyzes the pure arbitrage conditions across three of the “Anglo-Saxon capitalism” currencies: Australian dollar, British pound, and US dollar. We examine the relationship between spot-forward exchange rates and domestic foreign interest rates in financial markets. We find that the most important determinants that contribute to the occurrence of pure arbitrage conditions are domestic spot currency rate and domestic interest rate. Daily data is collected from the DataStream/Thomson Reuters database and analyzed in probit regression models. The predicting accuracy check is conducted through in-sample and out-of-sample tests. Our results indicate that the level of significance for factor coefficients and prediction accuracy decrease with the time lag: the longer the time lag, the lower the prediction power.Item Housing Charges to Fund Bulk Infrastructure: Innovative or Traditional?(Taylor & Francis Group, 14/01/2021) Squires G; Javed A; Trinh HHThis study investigates whether the use of housing charges is an innovative or traditional instrument in financing bulk infrastructure. It develops a conceptual framework to demonstrate how housing charges are perceived as an innovative model of financing and funding bulk infrastructure. Research focuses on a case study policy pilot infrastructure project in New Zealand, with primary evidence gathered from informed professional stakeholder interviews. The findings highlight that revenue streams are the most common concern when applying the infrastructure funding and financing (IFF) model to deal with bulk infrastructure. Further, as housing charges are a new instrument generating cash flows to finance bulk infrastructure, it is found that financing infrastructure development is only innovative in terms of its mechanics, legislation and policy setting.Item Ethnic‐specific suggestions for physical activity based on existing recreational physical activity preferences of New Zealand women(John Wiley and Sons Inc for Public Health Association of Australia Inc, 6/10/2019) O'Brien W; Schultz SP; Firestone RT; George L; Kruger RObjectives: Recreational physical activities of New Zealand women were examined to develop ethnic-specific suggestions encouraging physical activity (PA) participation as a targeted approach to reduce obesity rates among different groups. Methods: Healthy Māori, Pacific and European women (n=331; 16-45 years of age) completed an online Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess recreational PA and adherence to PA guidelines. Existing PA preferences were tailored to make ethnic-specific suggestions aimed at increasing PA participation. Results: Achievement of PA guidelines was: Māori 74%; Pacific 60%; European 70%. Highest participation across all women was for walking (Māori 72%, Pacific 60%, European 83%), followed by floor exercise (Māori 54%, Pacific 37%, European 56%). Gym-type activities (e.g. weights, aerobics) and jogging were also common across ethnic groups. Group/team activities (dance, netball, touch football) were among the top 10 activities for Māori and Pacific, but not European women. Conclusion: Obesity rates among specific ethnic groups of New Zealand women might be reduced by promoting activities that are: family/whānau-oriented (netball, touch), communitylinked (hula, dance) and outdoor-based. Implications for public health: Tailoring existing PA preferences to develop ethnic-specific sets of activity suggestions could be important avenues to increase PA participation, improving the PA habits and subsequent health of New Zealand women and their communities.Item Insights into accounting choice from the adoption timing of International Financial Reporting Standards(Blackwell Publishing, 2015) Stent W; Bradbury ME; Hooks JThis paper collects survey evidence on the costs and benefits of adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It also examines the motivations for the timing of IFRS adoption. Significant differences exist between early and late adopters for three of nine benefits and for one of six cost measures. No significant differences exist in terms of firm size or the impact of IFRS on contracts. Early adopters perceive themselves as market leaders. They are more certain about the manageability of implementing IFRS and are more specific with regard to the impact of IFRS adoption. Late adoption decisions are motivated by adverse consequences and uncertainty.
