Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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    The agrarian transition in the Mekong Region: pathways towards sustainable land systems
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-01-01) Ehrensperger A; Nanhthavong V; Beban A; Gironde C; Diepart J-C; Scurrah N; Nguyen A-T; Cole R; Hett C; Ingalls M
    The agrarian transition, with its rapid growth in land-based investments, has radically altered agrarian and forest landscapes across the Mekong Region. These processes were enabled and accelerated by choices of actors in the public and private sectors with the aim of alleviating poverty and boosting socioeconomic development. We examine to what extent these goals were achieved and for whom, with a focus on poverty alleviation, gender equality, and forest conservation. Our descriptive assessment shows that the sustainability outcomes of the agrarian transition offer a highly variegated picture that is often not reflected in national level statistics used for monitoring the distance to target towards achieving the 2030 Agenda. Based on our findings, we sketch pathways for a more sustainable agrarian transition in the region. These pathways are explored in greater detail in three framing papers of the special issue “Agrarian Change in the Mekong Region: Pathways towards Sustainable Land Systems’.
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    International development and tourism geographies
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-03-19) Scheyvens R
    This commentary reviews the state of tourism and international development scholarship with special attention to publications from this journal, Tourism Geographies. Rather than assuming that tourism is the end game, or goal, as a body of researchers tourism geographers have often identified concerns about the exploitative impacts of tourism development on low income communities and countries, and negative environmental implications, especially when tourism is externally-driven. However, many of us have also asked, ‘can tourism contribute effectively to international development, and if so, how?’. The articles resulting from this line of research focus on a range of approaches, from sustainable tourism through to inclusive and regenerative tourism, which show that there are ways in which tourism can facilitate rather than impede development. In a neoliberal-dominant world facing significant challenges including climate change, structural inequalities and complex conflicts, it is more important than ever that we keep this question–can tourism contribute to development and if so, how? - central to our research. After providing a concise history of research in this field, this article will discuss the value of some recent trends in tourism scholarship, as well as identifying research gaps and pointing to future directions for research by tourism geographers.
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    Māori households assembling precarious leisure
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2024) Martin A; Hodgetts D; King P; Blake D
    Many members of the precariat in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) struggle to access resources for leisure. This article draws on four interview waves with five precariat Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa/NZ) households (N = 32 interviews) using mapping and photo-elicitation interviews to explore participant leisure engagements. We document how precarious leisure for some Māori is assembled agentively by participants out of key elements associated with their situations (e.g. financial and housing insecurities) and core Māori principles and processes of whanaungatanga (cultivating positive relationships) and manaakitanga (caring for self and others). Participant accounts foregrounded the importance of mātauranga Māori (systems of knowledge) and culture in shaping contemporary leisure practices that can promote a sense of ontological security, place, belonging, connection, cultural continuity, and self as Māori. Though beneficial to self and others, participant leisure practices are rendered insecure by the resource restraints of life in the precariat.
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    The role of education and income for cognitive functioning in old age: A cross-country comparison
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021-12) Rodriguez FS; Hofbauer LM; Röhr S
    Objectives Previous studies have shown that higher education promotes cognitive health. This effect, however, is embedded in the living conditions of a particular country. Since it is not clear to what extent the country and its specific living standards are necessary preconditions for the observed effect, we investigated whether the impact of education and income on cognitive functioning differs between countries. Methods Analyses were based on harmonized data from the World Health Organization's multi-country Study on global AGEing and adult health, the Health and Retirement Study, and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe of over 85,000 individuals aged 50 years and older. Analyses were conducted via multivariate regression analyses and structural equation modeling adjusted for age, gender, marital status, health status, and depression. Results The effect of education was twice as large as the effect of income on cognitive functioning and indirectly moderated the effect of income on cognitive functioning. The effect sizes varied strongly between countries. The country's gross domestic product per capita seems to influence cognitive functioning. Conclusions Our findings indicate that education has a dominant effect on cognitive functioning in people aged 50 years and older, which might even offset the adverse implications of living with low income on cognitive health. Therefore, expanding efforts to achieve universal education are essential to mitigate health disparities due to low income and early life disadvantages, including chances for good cognitive functioning over the life-span.