Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Exploring the Nutrition-Related Health of the Ageing Population in Fiji: A Narrative Review.(SAGE Publications, 2024-10-18) Naliva S; Kruger M; Havea P; Wham CFijis' older population aged 55 years and over makes up 14% of the total population and is expected to reach 20% by 2050. This narrative review aimed to examine the health and nutrition status of the aging population of Fiji and sociodemographic determinants. A search strategy was conducted throughout databases, and gray literature from relevant websites was searched. Due to the limited evidence regarding the nutrition, health, and socio-economic factors that impact the aging population in Fiji the inclusion criteria were broad and included both genders (male and female), all publications up until December 2022, all study designs, and gray literature (government/institutional reports, conference proceedings, guidelines, Act, and Policies) . There was no filter for date applied in the search criteria. Studies that did not meet the search criteria were excluded. 20 documents including published articles were included for analysis and result synthesis. Life expectancy at birth for the Fiji population is 68 years. A significant annual increase in mortality rate from endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases has been observed in women aged 75+ but not older men. Women of low-income status are more at risk than men. However, as most investigations aggregate those ≥18 years, there is a lack of information on older adults (≥65 years) health and nutrition status. To improve the health status of older adults, an understanding of the nutritional status of older adults is warranted, especially concerning lifestyle and sociodemographic determinants.Item Empowering middle-aged women? A discourse analysis of gendered ageing in the Chinese television reality show sisters who make waves(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-01-23) Zhang X; Riley SSisters Who Make Waves is a popular Chinese reality show that affirmatively centres “middle-aged” women. Given its popularity and positive framing, the show has significant potential to shape Chinese discourses of gendered aging. To examine this potential, we performed a discourse analysis on Season 2 of Sisters Who Make Waves, identifying its discursive constructions of gendered aging; the subject positions within these discourses; and the rhetorical strategies interpellating the viewer to identify with these subject positions. Three discourses were evident: (1) “age is a problem for women” (an account articulated only to be refuted), (2) “age is a problem only if you let it;” and (3) “hyper resilience” (an expectation of psychological resilience in the face of severe challenges). Reading this analysis through the lens of a postfeminist sensibility, we show how the affirmative potential of Sisters Who Make Waves is undercut with the show’s entanglement of empowerment with regulation and synergies between postfeminist feeling rules and Chinese state ideology of Positive Energy 正能量.Item Editorial: Spotlight on aging: physiology, prevention, and management of skeletal muscle atrophy.(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-12-05) Marzuca-Nassr GN; Peñailillo L; Valladares-Ide D; Martinez-Huenchullan S; Curi R; Hirabara SM; Vitzel KF; D'Antona GItem A Metabolic Obesity Profile Is Associated With Decreased Gray Matter Volume in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults(Frontiers Media S.A, 2019) Beyer F; Kharabian Masouleh S; Kratzsch J; Schroeter ML; Röhr S; Riedel-Heller SG; Villringer A; Witte AVObesity is a risk factor for cognitive decline and gray matter volume loss in aging. Studies have shown that different metabolic factors, e.g., dysregulated glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation, might mediate this association. Yet, even though these risk factors tend to co-occur, they have mostly been investigated separately, making it difficult to establish their joint contribution to gray matter volume structure in aging. Here, we therefore aimed to determine a metabolic profile of obesity that takes into account different anthropometric and metabolic measures to explain differences in gray matter volume in aging. We included 748 elderly, cognitively healthy participants (age range: 60 – 79 years, BMI range: 17 – 42 kg/m2) of the LIFE-Adult Study. All participants had complete information on body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glycated hemoglobin, total blood cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin. Voxelwise gray matter volume was extracted from T1-weighted images acquired on a 3T Siemens MRI scanner. We used partial least squares correlation to extract latent variables with maximal covariance between anthropometric, metabolic and gray matter volume and applied permutation/bootstrapping and cross-validation to test significance and reliability of the result. We further explored the association of the latent variables with cognitive performance. Permutation tests and cross-validation indicated that the first pair of latent variables was significant and reliable. The metabolic profile was driven by negative contributions from body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein and leptin and a positive contribution from adiponectin. It positively covaried with gray matter volume in temporal, frontal and occipital lobe as well as subcortical regions and cerebellum. This result shows that a metabolic profile characterized by high body fat, visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation is associated with reduced gray matter volume and potentially reduced executive function in older adults. We observed the highest contributions for body weight and fat mass, which indicates that factors underlying sustained energy imbalance, like sedentary lifestyle or intake of energy-dense food, might be important determinants of gray matter structure in aging.Item The role of education and income for cognitive functioning in old age: A cross-country comparison(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021-12) Rodriguez FS; Hofbauer LM; Röhr SObjectives Previous studies have shown that higher education promotes cognitive health. This effect, however, is embedded in the living conditions of a particular country. Since it is not clear to what extent the country and its specific living standards are necessary preconditions for the observed effect, we investigated whether the impact of education and income on cognitive functioning differs between countries. Methods Analyses were based on harmonized data from the World Health Organization's multi-country Study on global AGEing and adult health, the Health and Retirement Study, and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe of over 85,000 individuals aged 50 years and older. Analyses were conducted via multivariate regression analyses and structural equation modeling adjusted for age, gender, marital status, health status, and depression. Results The effect of education was twice as large as the effect of income on cognitive functioning and indirectly moderated the effect of income on cognitive functioning. The effect sizes varied strongly between countries. The country's gross domestic product per capita seems to influence cognitive functioning. Conclusions Our findings indicate that education has a dominant effect on cognitive functioning in people aged 50 years and older, which might even offset the adverse implications of living with low income on cognitive health. Therefore, expanding efforts to achieve universal education are essential to mitigate health disparities due to low income and early life disadvantages, including chances for good cognitive functioning over the life-span.Item Rational Use of Protein Supplements in the Elderly—Relevance of Gastrointestinal Mechanisms(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-04-08) Chapman I; Oberoi A; Giezenaar C; Soenen S; Casperson SLProtein supplements are increasingly used by older people to maintain nutrition and prevent or treat loss of muscle function. Daily protein requirements in older people are in the range of 1.2 gm/kg/day or higher. Many older adults do not consume this much protein and are likely to benefit from higher consumption. Protein supplements are probably best taken twice daily, if possible soon after exercise, in doses that achieve protein intakes of 30 gm or more per episode. It is probably not important to give these supplements between meals, as we have shown no suppressive effects of 30 gm whey drinks, and little if any suppression of 70 gm given to older subjects at varying time intervals from meals. Many gastrointestinal mechanisms controlling food intake change with age, but their contributions to changes in responses to protein are not yet well understood. There may be benefits in giving the supplement with rather than between meals, to achieve protein intakes above the effective anabolic threshold with lower supplement doses, and have favourable effects on food-induced blood glucose increases in older people with, or at risk of developing, type 2 diabetes mellitus; combined protein and glucose drinks lower blood glucose compared with glucose alone in older people.Item Comparative Effects of Co-Ingesting Whey Protein and Glucose Alone and Combined on Blood Glucose, Plasma Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations in Younger and Older Men(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-08) Oberoi A; Giezenaar C; Rigda RS; Lange K; Horowitz M; Jones KL; Chapman I; Soenen S; Gropper SThe ingestion of dietary protein with, or before, carbohydrate may be a useful strategy to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, but its effect in older people, who have an increased predisposition for type 2 diabetes, has not been clarified. Blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured for 180 min following a drink containing either glucose (120 kcal), whey-protein (120 kcal), whey-protein plus glucose (240 kcal) or control (~2 kcal) in healthy younger (n = 10, 29 ± 2 years; 26.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2) and older men (n = 10, 78 ± 2 years; 27.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2). Mixed model analysis was used. In both age groups the co-ingestion of protein with glucose (i) markedly reduced the increase in blood glucose concentrations following glucose ingestion alone (p < 0.001) and (ii) had a synergistic effect on the increase in insulin concentrations (p = 0.002). Peak insulin concentrations after protein were unaffected by ageing, whereas insulin levels after glucose were lower in older than younger men (p < 0.05) and peak insulin concentrations were higher after glucose than protein in younger (p < 0.001) but not older men. Glucagon concentrations were unaffected by age. We conclude that the ability of whey-protein to reduce carbohydrate-induced postprandial hyperglycemia is retained in older men and that protein supplementation may be a useful strategy in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in older people.Item Effects of Substitution, and Adding of Carbohydrate and Fat to Whey-Protein on Energy Intake, Appetite, Gastric Emptying, Glucose, Insulin, Ghrelin, CCK and GLP-1 in Healthy Older Men-A Randomized Controlled Trial(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 23/01/2018) Giezenaar C; van der Burgh Y; Lange K; Hatzinikolas S; Hausken T; Jones KL; Horowitz M; Chapman I; Soenen SProtein-rich supplements are used widely for the management of malnutrition in the elderly. We reported previously that the suppression of energy intake by whey protein is less in older than younger adults. The aim was to determine the effects of substitution, and adding of carbohydrate and fat to whey protein, on ad libitum energy intake from a buffet meal (180-210 min), gastric emptying (3D-ultrasonography), plasma gut hormone concentrations (0-180 min) and appetite (visual analogue scales), in healthy older men. In a randomized, double-blind order, 13 older men (75 ± 2 years) ingested drinks (~450 mL) containing: (i) 70 g whey protein (280 kcal; 'P280'); (ii) 14 g protein, 28 g carbohydrate, 12.4 g fat (280 kcal; 'M280'); (iii) 70 g protein, 28 g carbohydrate, 12.4 g fat (504 kcal; 'M504'); or (iv) control (~2 kcal). The caloric drinks, compared to a control, did not suppress appetite or energy intake; there was an increase in total energy intake (drink + meal, p < 0.05), which was increased most by the M504-drink. P280- and M504-drink ingestion were associated with slower a gastric-emptying time (n = 9), lower ghrelin, and higher cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) than M280 (p < 0.05). Glucose and insulin were increased most by the mixed-macronutrient drinks (p < 0.05). In conclusion, energy intake was not suppressed, compared to a control, and particularly whey protein, affected gastric emptying and gut hormone responses.Item Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses following Dietary Protein Intake in Older Men(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 3/05/2022) Oberoi A; Giezenaar C; Lange K; Jones KL; Horowitz M; Chapman I; Soenen SPostprandial hypotension (PPH) occurs frequently in older people >65 years old. Protein-rich supplements, particularly whey protein (WP), are increasingly used by older people for various health benefits. We have reported that 70 g WP drinks cause significant, and in some cases marked, falls in blood pressure (BP) in older men. The effects of lower, more widely used, doses (~30 g) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and heart rate (HR) are not known. In a randomized order, eight older men (age: 72 ± 1 years; body mass index (BMI): 25 ± 1 kg/m2) after overnight fast ingested a drink containing (i) a non-caloric control (~2 kcal), (ii) 30 g of whey protein (120 kcal; ‘WP30’), or (iii) 70 g of whey protein (280 kcal; ‘WP70’). The BP and HR were measured in this pilot study with an automated device before and at 3-min intervals for 180 min following drink ingestion. Drink condition effects were determined by repeated-measures ANOVA. The SBP decreased after both WP drinks compared to the control (p = 0.016), particularly between 120 and 180 min, with no difference in the effects of WP30 and WP70. The SBP decreased by ≥20 mmHg in more than 50% of people after both WP drinks (WP30: 63%; WP70: 75%) compared to 38% after the control. The maximum fall in the SBP occurred during the third hour, with the nadir occurring latest after WP70. The DBP decreased non-significantly by several mmHg more after the WP drinks than after the control. The maximum HR increases occurred during the third hour, with the greatest increase after WP70. The SBP decreased after both WP drinks compared to the control, with the effects most evident between 120 and 180 min. Accordingly, ingestion of even relatively modest protein loads in older men has the potential to cause PPH.Item Effects of age on blood pressure and heart rate responses to whey protein in younger and older men(John Wiley and Sons, Inc on behalf of The American Geriatrics Society, 2021-05) Giezenaar C; Oberoi A; Jones KL; Horowitz M; Chapman I; Soenen SBACKGROUND: Postprandial falls in blood pressure (BP) are more common in older compared to younger individuals. The effects of protein compared to carbohydrates and fat on postprandial BP, and the relation to gastric emptying rates, are poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a whey protein compared to a control drink on systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), and heart rate (HR) in healthy younger and older men, and to relate these effects to gastric emptying. DESIGN: A pooled analyses of two randomized, double-blind, cross-over studies. SETTING: Two acute clinical intervention studies with identical study design. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen older (age: 74 ± 1 years, body mass index: 26 ± 1 kg/m2 ) and 13 younger (23 ± 1 years, 24 ± 1 kg/m2 ) healthy men. INTERVENTION: A 70 g/280 kcal whey-protein or control (water with diet cordial, ~2 kcal) drink (450 ml). MEASUREMENTS: BP and HR were assessed with an automated device immediately before and at 3-min intervals after drink ingestion (0-180 min). Gastric emptying of the drinks was measured using 3D ultrasonography (0-180 min). RESULTS: Older versus younger men exhibited a greater fall in SBP (-23 ± 2 vs -15 ± 2 mmHg, p = 0.001) after whey-protein versus control, as BP did not change after the two drinks in younger men (p > 0.05). The nadir in SBP occurred later in the older than younger men (114 ± 11 vs 62 ± 14 min; p < 0.001), with SBP still apparently declining 180 min after whey-protein ingestion in the older men. The magnitude of the rise in HR was greater (p < 0.05) in the younger than older men. CONCLUSION: Following ingestion of 70 g whey protein, healthy older men exhibited a sustained fall in BP, despite an increase in HR, whereas in younger men there was no change in BP. BP may need to be monitored after high protein meals in older people at risk of postprandial hypotension.