Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a novel long-acting bupivacaine formulation for cornual nerve block in calves
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Date
2022-12-01
Open Access Location
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Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Rights
(c) 2022 The Author/s
CC BY 4.0
CC BY 4.0
Abstract
Local anesthetics are commonly used in farm animals to provide analgesia for painful procedures but can cause adverse effects at high systemic concentrations. The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a long-acting sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) bupivacaine formulation following cornual nerve block in calves were compared to lidocaine. Fourteen calves were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups (i) 5% Bupivacaine-SAIB (BUP-SAIB), n = 7; or (ii) 2% lidocaine (LID), n = 7. Cornual nerve block was performed, and duration of effective analgesia was evaluated by nociceptive threshold testing using a hand-held pressure algometer. Blood samples were collected at various time points and plasma concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. The mechanical nociceptive thresholds showed that the novel formulation could desensitize the skin around the horn bud for 18.77 ± 8.88 h (range 8-36 h), compared to 0.79 ± 0.34 h (range 0.5-1.5 h) with lidocaine. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of bupivacaine was 152.03 (SD 37.34) ng/mL and its Tmax was 0.39 (SD 0.13) h. The half-life of elimination was 32.79 ± 11.00 h and the rate of clearance was 0.12 ± 0.03 L h-1. No toxicity signs were seen after treatment in either group. The novel formulation produced long-lasting analgesia of several times greater duration than that produced by lidocaine. This study showed that the safety and efficacy of the SAIB formulation justifies further studies in a larger population of animals.
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Keywords
calves, cornual nerve block, efficacy, long-acting bupivacaine formulation, pharmacokinetics
Citation
Venkatachalam D, Kells N, Chambers P, Jacob A, Ward N, Singh P. (2022). Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a novel long-acting bupivacaine formulation for cornual nerve block in calves.. Front Vet Sci. 9. (pp. 1060951-).