Redefining global dynamics : integrating non-western perspectives in international relations amidst rising powers : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Politics and International Relations at Massey University, by Distance, New Zealand
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2024
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Massey University
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This thesis seeks to understand the complex interplay of influence and strategy between China and the nations of the Pacific, pushing beyond the traditional bounds of Western-focused International Relations theories. For this, it begins by scrutinizing the limitations of conventional models like offensive realism and economic statecraft in fully understanding China's engagement with the Pacific. The thesis is organized into three chapters that piece together the puzzle of China's ambitious strategies in the Pacific. Starting with a deep dive into the theory of offensive realism, we explore why China might take an assertive stance in global politics. Then, we shift gears to examine how China cleverly employs economic tools, from investments to sanctions, before shifting the lens towards integrating non-Western perspectives into international relations, enriching our understanding of global dynamics through the lens of the Pacific Islands' unique geopolitical and cultural context. Together, the study proposes a fresh perspective in International Relations, advocating for a blend of Western and non-Western theories to capture the rich tapestry of global diplomacy more accurately. It sheds light on the proactive, strategic actions of Pacific Island countries, illustrating their adept negotiation of sovereignty and strategic interests in the face of global competition. By arguing for a more inclusive, nuanced, and equitable approach to International Relations, this thesis seeks to broaden the discipline to fully respect and represent the diverse narratives and strategies of all states involved. The insights offered reveal not only China's multifaceted approach to extending its influence but also the assertive diplomacy of Pacific nations. These narrative challenges the binary of dominance and dependence, urging a re evaluation of how international relations are understood and studied. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of recognizing the sovereign agency of smaller states and the need for IR theories that reflect the complex realities of our global, multipolar landscape. This work enriches our understanding of international dynamics, advocating for a more comprehensive and globally representative International Relations discipline.