Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance Across New Zealand and Its Subantarctic Islands Detects H1N9 in Migratory Shorebirds, but Not 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1
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Date
2025-04
Open Access Location
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Rights
(c) 2025 The Author/s
CC BY 4.0
CC BY 4.0
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 has never been detected in New Zealand. The potential impact of this virus on New Zealand's wild birds would be catastrophic. To expand our knowledge of avian influenza viruses across New Zealand, we sampled wild aquatic birds from New Zealand, its outer islands and its subantarctic territories. Metatranscriptomic analysis of 700 individuals spanning 33 species revealed no detection of H5N1 during the annual 2023–2024 migration. A single detection of H1N9 in red knots (Calidris canutus) was noted. This study provides a baseline for expanding avian influenza virus monitoring in New Zealand.
Description
Keywords
2.3.4.4b HPAI, avian influenza virus, H1N9, H5N1, New Zealand, subantarctic islands, surveillance
Citation
Waller S, Wierenga J, Heremia L, Darnley J, de Vries I, Dubrulle J, Robinson Z, Miller A, Niebuhr C, Melville D, Schuckard R, Battley P, Wille M, Alai B, Cole R, Cooper J, Ellenberg U, Elliott G, Faulkner J, Fischer J, Fyfe J, Hay L, Houston D, Keys B, Long J, Long R, Mattern T, McGovern H, McNutt L, Moore P, Neil O, Osborne J, Pagé AS, Parker K, Perry M, Philp B, Reid J, Rexer-Huber K, Russell J, Sagar R, Ruru T, Thompson T, Thomson L, Tinnemans J, Uddstrom L, Waipoua T, Walker K, Whitehead E, Wickes C, Young M, McInnes K, Winter D, Geoghegan J. (2025). Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance Across New Zealand and Its Subantarctic Islands Detects H1N9 in Migratory Shorebirds, but Not 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1. Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses. 19. 4.