Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Effects of acute caffeine intake on muscular power during resistance exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-10-07) Barnes MBackground: This study examined the effects of caffeine on movement velocity and power output during resistance exercises and explored moderating factors influencing these effects. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was conducted through June 2025. A random-effects model was used to assess the effect of caffeine on muscular power-related variables, such as bar velocity and power output, during resistance exercises with a fixed number of repetitions. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, caffeine dose, habitual caffeine consumption, muscle group, and load. Results: Twelve studies comprising 230 participants were included. Caffeine significantly improved mean velocity (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19–0.65, p < 0.05, I2 = 85%) and mean power output (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.12–0.30, p < 0.05, I2 = 14%) during resistance exercises. Greater improvements in mean velocity were observed in males (SMD: 0.56 vs. 0.22), and habitual caffeine consumption < 3 mg/kg/day (SMD: 0.87 vs. 0.21) (all p < 0.01 for subgroup comparisons). Furthermore, although caffeine increased mean velocity at all caffeine doses (SMD: 0.31–0.78), muscle groups (SMD: 0.32–0.54) and loads (SMD: 0.37–0.49) (all p < 0.01), no significant differences were observed between subgroups (all p > 0.01 for subgroup comparison). Conclusion: Caffeine ingestion enhances movement velocity and power output during resistance exercises, regardless of load. These benefits were more pronounced in males, at higher caffeine doses, among low habitual caffeine consumers, and during lower-body exercises.Item Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Maximal Strength, Muscular Power, and Muscle Recruitment During Bench Press and Back Squat Exercises(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-07-28) Ding L; Liu J; Ma Y; Lei T-H; Barnes M; Guo L; Chen B; Cao Y; Girard OBackground/Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on maximal strength, muscular power, and neural drive to the prime movers during bench press and back squat in resistance-trained men. Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained males participated in a double-blind, randomized trial, chewing either caffeinated gum (4 mg/kg) or placebo gum on two separate occasions, seven days apart. After chewing for 5 min, participants performed a maximal strength test followed by muscular power assessments at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM), completing with 3, 2, 1, and 1 repetition (s), respectively, for bench press and back squat. Surface electromyography data were recorded for each repetition. Results: Caffeinated gum did not significantly improve one-repetition maximum (1RM) for bench press (p > 0.05), but increased mean frequency (MF) and median frequency (MDF) in anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, and biceps brachii (all p < 0.05) compared to placebo. For back squat, 1RM increased with caffeinated gum, along with higher MF and MDF in vastus medialis (all p < 0.05). Caffeinated gum also improved mean and peak velocities, and mean and peak power outputs at 25–75% 1RM during the bench press (all p < 0.05), along with elevated MDF in pectoralis major and biceps brachii (all p < 0.05). Similar improvements were seen in mean and peak velocities during the back squat at 25–90% 1RM (all p < 0.05), along with higher MF and MDF in vastus medialis and increased normalized root mean square activity in gluteus maximus (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Caffeinated chewing gum (4 mg/kg) enhanced muscular power (25–75% 1RM) in the bench press and improved maximal strength and muscular power (25–90% 1RM) in the back squat by increasing muscle recruitment in resistance-trained men.Item The dose-dependent effect of acute ozone exposure on lung function and the efficacy of a Boysenberry apple powder blend (BerriQi®) in reducing throat irritation and symptom recovery time in healthy adults(Elsevier B V, 2025-09-01) Lomiwes D; Barnes M; Nicholls G; Ngametua N; Sawyer G; Kanon AP; Vangala G; Shaw OUrbanization and industrialization have impacted air quality and health, with ozone exposure linked to reduced lung function and increased respiratory issues. This study characterised the dose-dependent effect of acute, controlled ambient ozone exposure in an environmental chamber on lung function, then investigated the effect of BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple powder (BerriQi) ozone-induced respiratory irritation symptoms. In an incremental dose study, healthy adults were exposed to 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 ppm ozone for 2 h. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured at designated timepoints up to 48 h after ozone exposure. This was followed by a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, with healthy adults (n = 20) who consumed either BerriQi or a placebo daily for 5 days before being exposed to 0.2 ppm ozone for 2 h. Respiratory irritation symptoms, including throat irritation (TI), soreness of cough (SOC), shortness of breath (SOB), and pain on deep inspiration (PODI), were assessed at designated timepoints up to 48 h after ozone exposure. Our results showed that 0.2 ppm ozone was the maximum tolerated dose that elicited a temporal decline in lung function in healthy participants and that BerriQi supplementation significantly reduced TI (p = 0.04), and may expedite the resolution of SOC, SOB and PODI after acute ozone exposure. These findings suggest that BerriQi may alleviate the severity and duration of ozone-induced respiratory irritation and highlights the potential of BerriQi as a dietary intervention for mitigating the respiratory effects of air pollution.Item Chronic carbohydrate restriction improves endurance capacity and body composition in men and women(Cycling Research Center, 2022-06-06) O'Connor W; O'Connor E; Barnes M; Miller M; Gardener H; Stannard S; Zabala MThis study was designed to test whether adaptation to a CHO-restricted diet affects physical capacity during prolonged exercise. It is hypothesised that chronically reducing an individual’s dietary carbohydrate intake during training will increase their maximal rate of fatty acid oxidation during subsequent exercise compared to a chronic high carbohydrate diet. Thirteen highly trained endurance athletes (eight males, VO2max 66.0 ± 9.5 ml/kg/min, five females VO2max 50.6 ± 8.4 ml/kg/min) consumed a high (>5 g CHO/kg/day) or low (<2 g CHO/kg/day) carbohydrate training diet for four weeks in a randomized cross-over design. Performance was measured after a 24 h high carbohydrate “loading” regime, through a self-paced time trial to complete a fixed workload equivalent to five hours at a workload calculated to elicit 55% VO2max. Although time to completion was not significantly different between diets, the average absolute (watts) and relative (W/kg) power outputs were significantly better on the carbohydrate restricted diet (p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). Both sexes responded similarly in terms of performance whilst only women significantly improved body composition when carbohydrate was restricted (p = 0.02). Results from this study highlight that when carbohydrate is restricted during training, trained endurance athletes show improved ultra-endurance performance relative to their body mass.Item Characterising the Cytokine and Circulating Immune Cell Response After a Single Bout of Eccentric Stepping Exercise in Healthy Untrained Males(Springer Nature, 2023-05-15) Lomiwes D; Barnes M; Shaw O; Ngametua N; Sawyer GM; Burr NS; Miller MRPurpose The mechanisms that underpin exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery are believed to be mediated, in part, by immune cells recruited to the site of injury. The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of muscle damage from bench-stepping on circulating cytokine and immune cell populations post-exercise and during recovery. Methods Ten untrained, healthy male volunteers completed 30 min of bench-stepping exercise to induce muscle damage to the eccentrically exercised leg. Muscle function, muscle pain and soreness were measured before, immediately after and 24, 48 and 72 h after exercise. Plasma creatine kinase, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, cytokines and circulating immune cell phenotyping were also measured at these timepoints. Results Significant decreases occurred in eccentric, isometric and concentric (P = 0.018, 0.047 and 0.003, respectively) muscle function in eccentrically, but not concentrically, exercised quadriceps post-exercise. Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 concentrations significantly increased immediately after exercise (69.0 ± 5.8 to 89.5 ± 10.0 pg/mL), then declined to below pre-exercise concentrations (58.8 ± 6.3 pg/mL) 72 h after exercise. These changes corresponded with the significant decrease of circulating CD45+ CD16− CD14+ monocytes (5.8% ± 1.5% to 1.9% ± 0.5%; Pre-exercise vs. 48 h) and increase of CD45+ CD3+ CD56− T-cells (60.5% ± 2.2% to 66.1% ± 2.1%; Pre-exercise vs. 72 h) during recovery. Conclusion Bench-stepping induced muscle damage to the quadriceps, which mediated systemic changes in MCP-1, monocytes and T-cells immediately post-exercise and during recovery. Further research is needed to clarify how modulations in immune subpopulations facilitate muscle recovery and adaptation following muscle damage.Item The Efficacy of New Zealand Greenshell™ Mussel Powder Supplementation in Supporting Muscle Recovery Following Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy, Untrained Adult Males(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-05-15) Lomiwes D; Barnes M; Shaw O; Ngametua N; Sawyer G; Burr N; Hedderley D; Kanon A; Bear T; Carroll A; Bentley_Hewitt K; Tian HS; Miller MR; Nieman DCUnaccustomed eccentric exercise results in muscle damage limiting physical performance for several days. This study investigated if Greenshell™ mussel (GSM) powder consumption expedited muscle recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Methods: Twenty untrained adult men were recruited into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study and were randomly assigned to receive the GSM powder or placebo treatment first. Participants consumed their allocated intervention for four weeks then completed a bench-stepping exercise that induced muscle damage to the eccentrically exercised leg. Muscle function, soreness and biomarkers of muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammation were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise and 24, 48 and 72 h post exercise. GSM powder promoted muscle function recovery, significantly improving (p < 0.05) isometric and concentric peak torque at 48 h and 72 h post exercise, respectively. Participants on the GSM treatment had faster dissipation of soreness, with significant treatment × time interactions for affective (p = 0.007) and Visual Analogue Scale-assessed pain (p = 0.018). At 72 h, plasma creatine kinase concentrations in the GSM group were lower (p < 0.05) compared with the placebo group. This study provides evidence for GSM powder being effective in supporting muscle recovery from EIMD.Item Nutrition-Based Strategies to Reduce Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-05-29) Barnes MExercise induced-muscle damage (EIMD) occurs after strenuous and/or novel exercise that involves repeated eccentric contractions [...].Item Editorial: Nutrition and muscle recovery after exercise(Frontiers Media S.A., 2024-04-23) Cornish SM; Barnes MItem Emerging transitions in organic waste infrastructure in Aotearoa New Zealand(John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2023-04-01) Diprose G; Dombroski K; Sharp E; Yates A; Peryman B; Barnes MAotearoa New Zealand is at a critical juncture in reducing and managing organic waste. Research has highlighted the significant proportion of organic waste sent to landfills and associated adverse effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and loss of valuable organic matter. There is current debate about what practices and infrastructure to invest in to better manage and use organic waste. We highlight the diversity of existing organic waste practices and infrastructures, focusing on Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. We show how debates about organic waste practices and infrastructure connect across three themes: waste subjectivities, collective action in place and language.Item Incidence of Match Injuries in an Amateur Women’s Rugby Union Team in New Zealand over Two Consecutive Seasons(Kosmos Publishers, 28/08/2020) King D; Hume PA; Clark TN; Foskett A; Barnes MBackground: Rugby Union is played in over 200 countries with over 8.5 million registered players worldwide. Despite increased popularity of the game for women, there is relatively little evidence for incidence, causes or severity of injuries that occur during match participation. Purpose: To determine whether amateur women’s rugby union teams in New Zealand need injury prevention support, by providing evidence as to the incidence, causes and severity of injuries that occur during match participation. Study design: Descriptive epidemiological observational study. Methods: Epidemiology analysis to describe the incidence of match injuries in an amateur women’s rugby union team in New Zealand, over two consecutive seasons. Injury burden was calculated for all injuries by: injury region, reported as frequency of injuries by region; number of days lost; and mean number of days lost, with standard deviation. Results: Over the study, 138 injuries were recorded resulting in an injury incidence of 247.0 per 1,000 match-hrs. A total of 57 resulted in a time-loss injury incidence of 102.0 per 1,000 match-hrs. The hooker recorded a significantly lower mean (4.1 ±2.8 days) injury burden than the blind-side flanker (t(6)=-2.8; p=0.0314), center (t(6)=-2.8; p=0.0313) and fullback (t(6)=-2.7; p=0.0351) for total injuries. Discussion: The principal findings of this study were: (1) total injury incidence was 247.0 per 1,000 match-hrs; (2) time-lost from rugby due to injuries was 102.0 per 1,000 match-hrs; (3) the lower limb sustained the highest injury incidence with the knee having the greatest proportion of these injuries; (4) the tackle recorded the highest injury rate, and being tackled was associated with a notably higher injury incidence than any other match event; (5) sprains and strains recorded the highest injury incidence; and (6) the lower limb body region recorded the most days lost and had the highest mean days lost per injury.
